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完成时态1.用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果E.g：YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续E.g.:：Ihavelivedheresince1990.2.现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词3.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?4.在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止e.g.：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久e.g.：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次e.g.：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?(2)两词组havehasgoneto去了某地e.g.：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)havehasbeento去过某地e.g.：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)(3)两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.(4).如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？(5).现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种：①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改为固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改为否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→beheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawaye.g.：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下：break→bebroken\getup→beupmarry→bemarried\become→be\lose→belost\7.延续性动词和终止性动词①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。e.g.：learn\work\stand\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。e.g.：leave\start\setout\arrive\reach\getto\begin\stop\shut\turnoff\marry\put\puton\getup\wake\fall\join\meet\receive\finish\end\complete\become\come\go\die\open\close\break\give\jump\buy\borrow8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。Hehasdiedforthreedays.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用）时态1.过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句e.g.:：Johnsaidthathewouldcomethenextdayifhewasfree.（构成：would+动词原形）Johnsaidthathewasgoingtoplanttrees.（构成：was/weregoingto+动词原形）2.过去完成时：由had+过去分词构成。用法有二：①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去e.g.:：Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。Bytheendoflastweek,hehadlearnt1000words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态e.g.:：HesaidthathehadmadeafewfriendssincehecametoChina.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。