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Unit6IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.SectionAPeriod1(1a—2c）在句中作定语,用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,而定语从句位于先行词的后面。用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,)和关系副词(when,where,why)。定语从句的用法：关系词引导定语从句,指代先行词,并在从句中作一定成分,如作主语、宾语或状语等。用来引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom和whose。本单元我们重点讲解that,who和which引导的定语从句。◆that引导的定语从句that引导定语从句时,that既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。Heisapersonthatdoeswhathesays.(person是先行词,that在从句中作主语)他是一个说话算数的人。ThecatthatIboughtyesterdayisill.(cat是先行词,that在从句中作宾语)我昨天买的那只猫病了。◆who引导的定语从句who引导定语从句时,who只能指人,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。Afriendwhohelpsyouwhenyouhavetroubleisarealfriend.(friend是先行词,who在从句中作主语)在你有困难时帮助你的朋友才是真正的朋友。whom也可以引导定语从句,在从句中只能作宾语,有时可以和who互换,但介词后只能用whom,不能用who。Heisthemanwho/whomIhavebeenlookingfor.=HeisthemanforwhomIhavebeenlooking.他就是我一直在找的人。◆which引导的定语从句which引导定语从句时,which只能指物,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。Iwanttotakeawaythebookwhichyoushowedmeyesterday.(book是先行词,which在从句中作宾语)我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。注意:◆在由that,who和which引导的定语从句中,当它们在从句中作主语时,都不可以省略；作宾语时,都可以省略。◆介词后面只能用which或whom,不能用that或who。小结：•that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。•which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.•who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。that与which区别：有时只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.whose的用法：whose作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisapoliceman.Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.关系副词when/where/why的用法：when的用法：when作时间状语:When=that/which…+介词=介词+whichShewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhenshewasmarried.Shewillneverforgetthedaythat/whichshewasmarriedon.Shewillneverforgetthedayonwhichshewasmarried.where作地点状语Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.IwanttoknowtheplacewhereIwasborn.Iwanttoknowtheplacethat/whichIwasbornat.IwanttoknowtheplaceatwhichIwasborn.where=that/which…+介词=介词+whichwhy作原因状语,其先行词常常是thereason.Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.why=forwhich根据句意,用正确的关系代词填空。1.Heistheman__________isreadytohelpothers.2.Thegirl________________Ispoketojustnowismyfriend.3.Thedress___________youboughtinthecitymallismadeofsilk.4.Billlikesmusic___________hecansingalongwith.that/whothat/who/whomthat/whichthat/which5.Thisisthevillage__________Iusedtolivein.6.Womenalwayslikebuyingmanythings_____________theydon’tneedatall.7.I’mstudyingasubject___________Iamveryinterestedin.8.Thegirlwith________Iwentshoppingyesterdayismycousin.that/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom9.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.10.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?11.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.12.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.13.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.14.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.15.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?16.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat17.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?•A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that18.Isthistheplace______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?•A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why19.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.•A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that20.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.•A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why21.Hetoldherthereason____heisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereason______hegivesher.•A.why;why•B.why;which•C.that;why•D.which;why