英语新闻写作解析

按传播工具分：Newspapercoverage,magazinecoverage,radionews,TVnews,cablenews,dispatches.新闻事实发生的地域和范围：homenews,localnews报道的内容：politicalnews,economicnews,technologicalnews,culturalnews,sportsnews,violenceandcrimenews,disasternews,weathernews,obituary,entertainment.新闻与新闻价值（newsandnewsvalue)Newsvaluedeterminers/determinants时效性timeliness和新鲜感freshness重要性importance,consequence,impactorsignificance显著性prominence接近性nearness,proximityorlocality新闻与新闻价值奇异性unusualness,bizarreness,oddityornovelty(whenadogbitesaman,that’snotnews;butwhenamanbitesadog,that’snews)趣味性interest,crime,moralsandethics,population,life,marriage,family,friendship,loveandemotion,money,sex.News-headlineLeadInvertedPyramidStylebody1.Theysummarizethenews,sothatbytakingaglanceattheheadline,thereaderwillknowwhatthestoryisabout2.Theyattractthereader’sattentionwithlargeprintandsometimeswithlanguageofshockingorsensationaleffect;3.Theyindexthenews,i.e,ranktheimportanceofstoriesbythesizeoftheprintandplacementonthepage4.Theydecoratethepage;5.Theyfillthespace(1)Sentencesarepreferredtophrases.AFortunateGrandmotherGrannyHugsDaughterLostfor30Years(2)NominalgroupsarecondensedCo-HaboffcampusTriggersArguments(3)Thepasttenseverbformdoesnothave“ed”HorseBitesGirlOnFaceSexualHarassmentSparksConcernonCampus(4)Whenyouheadlinefutureevents,“will”or“shall”isreplacedby“to”.FrenchMajortoCompeteinBeijingPresidenttoTalkonPeacePact(5)Inpassivevoice,theverb“tobe”isomittedBoyFoundDeadInBasementCab-DriverTrappedinFakeAccident(6)Copularverbs(系动词）areoftenleftoutPrepProgramTrendyPriortoGraduateExamsPeaceStudiesNewintheWest,SaysUkProfessor(7）Withthepresentprogressive,theverb“tobe”isoftenomitted.ComputerLabTryingOutNewRules:1.Usuallyonesentence2.Summarizethenews3.Attractthereader’sattention1.Aleadshouldcontaintheessenceofthestory.NoblePrizelaureateJimHoffmanwentuptothestageandgreetedthestudentsofNanjingUniversitywhentheyweregatheredtocelebratetheMayFourthYouthDayyesterday.2.Aleadshouldbeginwiththemostimportantelementsofinformation.Thedeathtollsoarto750asadevastating8.8-magnitudeearthquakehitChileonearlySaturday.3.AleadwritershouldactivevoiceifpossibleApoweroutragelastnightwascausedbyafuseblowoutinDormitoryNo.12.ApoweroutragelastnightangereddozensofstudentsinDormitoryNo.12wholostfilesintheircomputers.4.Aleadwritershouldtrynottooverwhelmthereaderwithtoomuchdetail5.Aleaderwritershouldweedoutanythingindicativeofyourownopinion6.“Agoodleadisonethatgetsthemostreaderstothenextparagraph.”Agoodleadshouldinform,underline,andstimulateinawaythebestconveysastory’smeaning.e.g.,Dentalsurgeonssaidyesterdaytheyhaddiscoveredwhysnoringcankillsometimes:itcandamagethearteries.LiJunandWangHaoarefourth-yearcomputermajorsharingthesamedormitory.Duetoaseverecaseofpolioinchildhood,WangHaohastowalkwithtwocrutches.FormorethanthreeyearssincetheyenteredtheUniversity,LiJunhasbeenhelpinghisroommateclimbstairs,carrythings,andgetmealsandhotwaterregardlessofhowbadtheweatheris.Lastsemesterwhentheclasshadanouting,LiJunborrowedawheelchairsothatWangHaocouldgohikingwithothers.Liandotherstudentspushedthewheelchairallthewaytothetopofthemountain.BecauseofwhatLiJunhasdoneforWangHaoovertheyears,thestudentunionoftheUniversitydecidedatarecentmeetingtoawardLiJunthetitleof“ModelStudentinLearningfromLeiFeng”whentheyholdtheMayFourthYouthDaystudentmeetingnextweek.Thestudentunionnextweekwillawardthetitleof“ModelStudentinLearningfromLeiFeng”toafourth-yearcomputermajorwhohasbeen,formorethanthreeyears,helpingadisabledroommateclimbstairs,carrybooks,andgetmealsandhotwater.Writeupaleadbasedonthefollowingfacts.Youdon’thavetoincludealldetails.Who:Aboystudentandagirlstudent,ProfessorTang,allfromtheChineseDepartmentofNanjingUniversityWhat:Theboyconfessedhislovetothegirlinfrontoftheirclassmatesandtookherawaywiththeprofessor’sconsent;thestoryspreadrapidlyandcreatedastirontheInternetWhen:Tuesday,rightbeforetheForeignLiteratureclassstartedWhere:inaclassroomonXianlincampusTheleadoffersthemostessentialElementstellingwhowhatwhenwherewhyandhowofthestorythesecondparagraphhaslessimportantinformationandbeginstofillindetailsaboutthelead.Laterparagraphscontainstilllessimportantinformation.Thiswayofframinganewsstoryiscalled“invertedpyramid.SummaryleadBackup(quotesorfacts)SupportingpointsEnding1.TheinvertedpyramidformcomesfromtheAmericanCivilWar2.Theinvertedpyramidleadispresentedassimplyandclearlyaspossible3.decidewhatismostimportantandwhatshouldfollowindescendingorderofimportance4.TheinvertedpyramidsavesreaderstimeandeditorsspaceNANJING-AYak-42airlinercarrying116passengersand10crewmemberscrashedontakeofffromtheNanjingAirportinEastChinayesterdayat15:06(Beijingtime).Sofar,100peopleon