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一)关系代词的用法：1.作主语用who,which和that,如：Heisthemanwho/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.2.作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如：Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。3.作定语用whose,如：(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句)，又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与ofwhich结构互换，词序是：“名词+ofwhich”，如：Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)4.作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.(二)关系副词的用法：1.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如：IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.3.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如：IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.2.当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.考点1祈使句祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。考点2感叹句感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情(1)How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序。Howcleveraboyheis!(2)How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。Howlovelythebabyis!(3)What+名词+陈述语序。Whatnoisetheyaremaking!(4)What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。Whatacleverboyheis!(5)What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!(6)What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。Whatcoldweatheritis!(7)Whatacleverboyheis!其省略形式为Whatacleverboy!考点3否定句否定句是指否定陈述句的句子。(1)用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/be+not+…。Heisnotbackyet.Wehaven’tforgottenyou.(2)祈使句的否定句：Don’t+动词原形…。Don’tworry.I’lllookafteryou.(3)非谓语动词(不定式，分词，动名词)的否定式：not放在todo;doing的前面。It’simportantnottoworry.Hesaidhedeeplyregrettednotbeingabletohelp.(4)not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用。Comeearly,butnotbeforesix.It’sworking,butnotproperly.(5)用no构成否定句：no+名词(单，复数，不可数)相当于not+a+名词/not+any+名词。Nomachinewouldworkforlongifitwerenotproperlylubricated.(6)某些否定副词或代词：seldom，never，hardly，rarely，little，few，none，nowhere，neither等在句中构成否定句。Icanseldomfindtimeforreading.Mirrortellsonlythefacts,neverthepoetry.(7)否定转移：当think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句。Idon’tthinkshe’sathome,butI’llgoandsee.(8)否定式疑问句。Doesn’tsheunderstand?在否定疑问句中要注意部分否定的结构：Notall…=All…not…;Notboth…=Both…not…;Notevery…=Every…not…。(9)用否定形式表示肯定的意义。cannot…too…/cannot…more:越…就越好/再…不过了。Youcannotbetoocareful.Amancanneverhavetoomanyfriends.要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词，下面中公教育就来给大家介绍下常用的连接词。1.表示罗列增加First,second,third,First,then/next,afterthat/next,finallyForonething…foranother…,On(the)onehand…ontheotherhand,Besides/what’smore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also/especially/Inparticular2.表示时间顺序now,atpresent,recently,after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themoment，formnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,meanwhile,till,not…until,before,after,when,while,asduring3.表示解释说明now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreover，furthermore,infact,actually4.表示转折关系but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall5.表示并列关系or,and,also,too,notonly…butalso,aswellas,both…and,either…or,neither…nor6.表示因果关系because,becauseof,since,nowthat,as,thanksto…,dueto…,therefore,asaresult(of),otherwise,so…that,such…that7.表示条件关系as(so)longas,onconditionthat,if,unless8.表示让步关系though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…,however,whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow(who,what,which,where,when,whom)9.表示举例forexample,forinstance,suchas…,take…forexample10.表示比较besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith(to)…justlike,justas动词的语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用于主动句，表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态用于被动句，表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同，而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，有人称、数、时态的变化。1.let的用法(1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。Theyletthestrangego.Thestrangewasletgo.(2)当let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.3.表示“据说”或“相信”的词组Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itista