8D中英文对照

1TIAutomotive8DProblemSolvingTIAutomotive–问题解决8D(8条规则)Whatisthe8Dprocess?何谓8D流程？–Whyaddressproblemsolvingusing8D’s?–为何在问题解决方面运用8D？–Whatinhibitorsexisttoefficientproblemsolving?–高效解决问题存在哪些阻力？Disciplines1through8规则1到8Horizontal8D’s横向分析8D8DForms8D规则的形式LaunchLunacyExercise开始疯狂练习8DQuiz8D规则测验2FlowchartForProblemResolution问题解决方案流程图Don’tMessWithIt!不要混淆！YES是NO不是YES是YOUIDIOT!你犯错了！NO没有WillitBlowUpInYourHands?是否在你手里被毁？NO不是LookTheOtherWay关注其它方式AnyoneElseKnows?还有谁了解？You’reSCREWED!你受到胁迫！YES是YES有NO没有HideIt隐瞒CanYouBlameSomeoneElse?你能责备他人吗？NO不NOPROBLEM!没有问题！Yes能IsItWorking?可行吗？DidYouMessWithIt?你是否搅混？3Whatisthe8D(EightDiscipline)ProblemSolvingProcess?何谓8Ｄ（8条规则）问题解决流程？8DisaSTANDARDIZEDmethodtoresolveaproblemwhentheCAUSEoftheproblemisUNKNOWN.当问题的起因不明时，8D是一个解决问题的标准化模式。8DisaFORMATtocommunicatecorrectiveactions.8D是对一个纠正措施进行沟通的格式。–Amethodtoincreaseawarenessandtoreportprogressonimprovements.–一种提升了解度和报告进展的方式。8Disaproblemsolvingtool.8D是一种解决问题的工具。–Asaprocess,8D’sshouldbestartedfromthemomentaproblembecomesevident.–作为一个流程，8D应该在问题变明显时启动。Asastandard,8Disacodeofconduct:.作为一种标准，8D是行为守则。–Factbased–以事实为依据–Datadriven–以数据为导向–Commitmenttoattacktherootcause-notthesymptoms–追寻问题根源而非表象4InhibitorstoEfficientProblemSolving:阻碍有效解决问题的几大因素:•Problemisnotdescribedcorrectly.•未正确阐述问题。–Theproblemdescriptionmustbefocusedenoughfortheteamtohandleeffectively.–问题阐述必须被足够重视，使团队能有效解决。•Theproblemsolvingeffortisexcessivelyexpedited.•问题解决过分迅速。–Stepsareskippedtoobtainaquicksolution.–为快速获得问题解决方案而省略一些步骤。•Poorteamparticipation.•团队参与性差–Notalltheteammembersparticipatedeffectively.–并非所有团队成员都能有效参与。–Theteamfailedtoconsiderallthepossiblecauses.–团队未将问题起因考虑周全。•Nologicalthoughtprocessused.•未采纳合理思考过程。–Problemsolvingeffortlacksthedisciplinetoprioritize,analyzeandreviewtheproblem.–解决问题过程中缺少对其分类、分析和评估的规则。5InhibitorstoEfficientProblemSolving:(continued)阻碍有效解决问题的几大因素:（续）•Lackoftechnicalskills.•缺少技能。–Problemsolversarenottrainedinproblemsolvingmethods,dataanalysis.–解决问题者在解决方法和数据资料分析方面未受过培训。•ManagementImpatience.•管理急躁–Excessivelyaggressivetimetableprohibitsaproperproblemdescription,adequateanalysis,rootcausedeterminationandeffectiveimplementationofcorrectiveactions.–过分急进的日程表阻碍合适的问题阐述、足够的分析，问题根源确定和有效实施纠正措施。•Potentialrootcausemis-identifiedasTHErootcause.•错把问题的可能原因当作问题的真正根源。–Problemrecursbecausetherealrootcauseismissed.–因没有认清问题的真正根源导致问题重现。•Permanentcorrectiveactionnotimplemented.•没有实施永久性的纠正措施。–Managementdoesnotagreewiththeteam’ssolution;doesnotapprovecorrectiveactionsrecommended.–管理部门不同意团队的解决方案；不批准建议的纠正措施。68DisciplineProblemSolvingTechnique8条规则——解决问题的技巧Criteria:标准AproblemexistswithanUnknownCause.一个不知原因的问题存在AND和ThescopeandcomplexityoftheproblemrequirestheskillandtalentofaTeamtosolve.问题涉及的范围和复杂性需要一个具备技能和才干的团队去解决1.Becomeawareoftheproblem发现问题Formateam组成一个团队2.Describetheproblem阐述问题3.Defineandverifyrootcauses定义和核实问题根源Identifyandselectpotentialrootcauses识别和选择可能的问题根源Selectthemostlikelyrootcause选择最有可能的问题根源4.Implementshort-term(interim)correctiveaction实施短期（临时）的纠正措施Verifyeffectivenessoftheactionstaken核实措施执行的效率5.Implementlong-term(permanent)correctiveaction实施长期（永久）的纠正措施6.Verifyeffectivenessofactionstaken(ICA&PCA)核实措施执行的效率(临时纠正措施&永久纠正措施)7.Describewhatsystemschangeshavebeenimplementedtopreventrecurrence阐述运用了什么系列变化来防止问题重现SimilarProcesses类似的流程Relatedcontrolprocedures相关的控制程序8.Recognizetheaccomplishmentsoftheteam认可团队的成绩78DisciplineProblemSolvingTechnique,8条规则——解决问题的技巧1.Becomeawareoftheproblem发现问题Formateam组成一个团队UsetheTeamApproach运用团队方式Establishasmallgroup(3-5people)withproduct/processknowledge.建立一个3-5人小组，成员具备产品和工艺流程知识。Theteammusthavethetimeandauthoritytoresearchandtesttheories.该团队必须有时间和权力去研究和检验某些理论。Theteammusthavealeaderwhocandrivethegroupthroughtheprocess.团队必须具有一位能在整个过程中驾驭全体人员的领导。TheteammusthaveaChampionthatwillbeabletoimplementcorrectiveactions.团队必须有一个支持者能实施修正方案。88DisciplineProblemSolvingTechnique8条规则——解决问题的技巧2.Describetheproblem阐述问题Usethe5W’sand2H’stospecifytheproblem.运用5W和2H详细说明问题Who谁What什么When何时Where何地Why为什么How怎么样Howmany多少UsetheIs/Is-NotFormat用是/否格式98DisciplineProblemSolvingTechnique8条规则——解决问题的技巧3.Defineandverifyrootcauses定义和核实问题根源Identifyandselectpotentialrootcauses识别和选择可能的问题根源Selectthemostlikelyrootcause选择最有可能的问题根源Identifyallpotentialcauseswhichwouldexplainwhytheproblemhasoccurred.识别所有能解释问题产生的可能原因.Isolateandverifytherootcausebytestingitagainsttheproblemdescription.按照问题阐述来分离并确定问题根源.Identifyalternativecorrectiveactionstoeliminatetherootcause.确定可选纠正措施以消除问题根源.108DisciplineProblemSolvingTechnique8条规则——解决问题的技巧4.Implementshort-term(interim)correctiveaction实施短期(临时)的纠正措施Verifyeffectivenessoftheactionstaken核实措施执行的效率DefineandimplementCONTAINMENT(Band-Aid)actionstoisolatethecustomerfromtheproblem.定义和实施围堵（权宜之计）措施把客户与问题隔离开。VerifytheeffectivenessoftheICA.核实临时纠正措施执行的效率。118DisciplineProblemSolvingTechnique8条规则——解决问题的技巧5.Implementlong-term(permanent)correctiveaction实施长期（永久性）的纠正措施DefineandimplementPermanent(irreversible)correc