句子的倒装

句子的倒装英语句子的基本结构是主语在前，谓语在后，但是出于修辞上的需要，我们常使用倒装结构。谓语都放在主语的前面称为全部倒装；只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be）放在主语前面称为部分倒装。倒装句内容繁杂，难以把握，但按照下列法则归类，便可达到事半功倍的效果。一、结构倒装1.therebe句型。用全部倒装。如：Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Therelivedanoldcoupleinthathouse.2.疑问句。用部分倒装。如：Whatareyougoingtodotoday?Doyouoftengetupat6:00inthemorning?注意：疑问词作主语的句子不倒装。3.表示祝愿或感叹的句子。用部分倒装。如：Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!Isn”titwonderful!这多好呀！Howbluetheskyis!天空多蓝呀！4.直接引语位于句首的陈述句，主语是名词时用全部倒装。如：“Wewillputoffthemeeting”saidtheheadmaster.二、强调倒装1.副词there,here,up,down,now,then,in,out,away,over,on,off,soon,thus等位于句首，且主语是名词时谓语常用be或表示位移的动词，用全部倒装。如：Herecomesthebus.Thedooropenedandincameastrangeman.注意：代词作主语时部分倒装。如：Awaytheyallwent.他们一下子都走了。2.介词短语、形容词、分词等位于句首时用全部倒装。如：Infrontofthevillageisasmallriver.村子前面有一条小河。Presentatthemeetingwerealltheteachersandstudentsinourschool.全校师生都出席了会议。Lyingonthefloorwasanoldwoman.躺在地板上的是位老太太。Seatedonthegrassaresomestudentssingingandlaughing.一些学生坐在草地上，唱着、笑着。3.有些含否定意义的副词或短语seldom,hardly,scarcely,barely,never,little,not,nowhere,atnotime,nosooner…than…,notuntil,notonly…butalso…,bynomeans,hardly(scarcely)…when…等，或表示时间的副词或短语always,often,once,then,manyatime,nowandthen,everythreehours等位于句首时用部分倒装。如：SeldomhaveImethimrecently.Nosoonerhadtheyreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Nowherewastheboytobefound.Notuntilthesunhadsetdidtheystopworking.Oftendidwepersuadehimnottosmoke.ManyatimehaveIseenhimsittingtherethinkingdeeply.4.“only＋状语”位于句首时后面的句子用部分到装。如：Onlybyworkinghardcanyoumakegreatprogress.只有努力，你才能取得更大的进步。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1945washeabletogetbacktohismotherland.直到1945年战争结束后，他才能够回到他的祖国。5.“so(such)…that…”结构中的so或such位于句首时前半句用部分倒装。如：Sowonderfulwasthefilmthateveryonewasdeeplymoved.这部电影如此精彩，每个人都被深深打动了。Suchagoodstudentisshethatourteachersallloveher.她是那么好的一个学生，我们的老师都喜欢她。三、省略倒装1.省略了if的虚拟条件句，把had,were,should,提到句首时，构成部分倒装。如：Hadweleftalittleearlier,wecouldhavecaughtthetrain.我们要是早点动身就赶上火车了。ShouldAlbertstarttomorrowmorning,Iwouldgeteverythingreadynow.2.neither/nor（否定）或so（肯定）位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另外一个人或物时用部分倒装。如：HecannotspeakEnglish,neithercanhissister.他不会讲英语，他的妹妹也不会。Tomisagoodstudent,soisMary.汤姆是个好学生，玛丽也是个好学生。四、让步倒装1.as或though引导的让步状语从句，把形容词、副词、动词或名词（不加冠词）放在句首时常用部分倒装。如：Hardasheworked,hestillfailedintheexam.尽管他很用功，但他考试还是不及格。Childthoughheis,heknowsalotofthings.尽管他还是个孩子，他却懂得很多事情。2.however之类的词，位于句首时用部分倒装。如：Howeverhardtheworkmaybe,wemustdoitwell.无论工作有多难，我们都必须把它做好。Whoeveryoumaybe,Iwillnotletyouin.不管你是谁，我都不会让你进来。3.动词前置be动词用原形，用部分倒装。如：Behepoororrich,shewillmarryhim.无论他是穷还是富，她都会嫁给他。1.____thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.SocleveraretheconstructionrobotsSoclevertheconstructionrobotsareSuchconstructionrobotsarecleverSuchcleverconstructionrobotsare2.Itwaswithgreatjoy____hereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.A.soB.asC.thatD.since3.____atthecenterofthesquarethemonumenttothePeople’sHeroes.A.ItstandsthereB.TherestandsC.StandsthereD.Ittherestands4.“Mr.Smithhascertainlybeenworkinghard.”“____.”A.SohavehissistersB.SohissistershaveC.HissistershavetooD.Sohavebeenhissisters5.Why_____didyoutakethedogintothechurchyard?inearthB.intheearthC.onearthD.ontheearth6Imadeupmymindthatundernocircumstances_____tosuchaprinciple.couldn’tIagreeB.Icouldn’tagreeC.IcouldagreeD.couldIagree7._____inmypresentword,Iwouldbequitewillingtodowhatyouaskmeto.WereInotengagedB.IwerenotengagedEngagedIwerenotD.WerenotIengaged8.Onlywhen____givenspecialpermission,____writeinpencil.areyou,youmayB.youare,youmayC.areyou,mayyouD.youare,mayyou9.Seldom_____anymistakeduringmypastfifteenyearsofservicehere.A.IdidmakeB.didImakeshouldImakeD.Imade10.Allnationsareequal,____.betheylargeorsmallB.theybelargeorsmallC.aretheylargeorsmallD.theyarelargeorsmall11.Flyingdemandsamuchgreatersupplyofenergy____otherformsoftransportation.thandomostB.mostthandoC.thanmostdoD.dothanmost12.Notonly____thewordstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthemusic.theEnglishfellowwritesB.writestheEnglishfellowC.doestheEnglishfellowwriteD.theEnglishfellowdoeswrite13.HerepliedthatIwasthe_____mantheywerelookingfor.quiteB.veryC.fairlyD.rather14._____devisedtheautomaticproductionline?WhowasitthatB.WhothatwasitC.WhoitwasthatD.Itwaswhothat15.“Haveyougonetoseethedoctor?”“No,but_____.”A.IwillgoB.IamgoingC.IgotoseeD.Imusthave16.“YououghttohavecalledHelenyesterday.”“Yes,Iknow____.”A.IoughtB.IhavetoIshouldhaveD.Imusthave17.If_____,we’llcontinueourexperimentafterofficehours.A.beingnecessaryB.issubjectedtoitnecessaryD.isnecessary18.If_____heavypressure,castironwillcrack.A.subjectedtoB.issubjectedtoC.itsubjectedtoD.beingsubjectedto19.Inourcompany,everybodyiswelltakencareof,____.howeverishispositionB.nomatterwhatishispositionC.whathispositionisD.nomatterwhathispositionis20.Everycountry,_____,hasitsstrongpointsandweakpoints.A.bigorsmallB.isbigorsmallC.whetheritbigorsmallD.bebigorsmall