英语句子的种类一、句子种类两种分类法(一)、按句子的用途可分四种:1、陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反义):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句:Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass.4、感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法,有肯定式和否定式,语序是主语在前,谓语在后。Shearrivedearly.Shecan'tanswerthephonenow.注:使用not,no,never,seldom,few,little,hardly,too…to…表否定Idon'tplayfootballverywell.Iwillneverforgetyou.Hehasfewfriends.Ihavelittlemoney.Hecanhardlywritehisname.WeseldomwatchTV.2、疑问句(1)疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。(2)、疑问句的分类1)一般疑问句用来询问一件事,答案通常是yes或no,注意语序。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Washelateforschoolyesterday?否定疑问句Can’tyouunderstandit?Isn’titabeautifullake?---Haven’tyoubeentotheUK?---No,Ihaven’t.2)特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句的定义;以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,how,why等。就划线部分提问:1.Myhobbyisreadingbooks.2.Weweretalkingabouttheman.3.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.4.Hewantstheredcamera.5.ThelovelydogisMrs.Green's.6.Wewillsetoffat6a.m.tomrrow.7.HelivesinEngland.8.Hewaslateforschoolbecausehegotuplate.9.OurEnglishteachergoestoschoolbybike.3)选择疑问句选择疑问句(alternativequestions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如:Willyougotherebybusorbytrain?Whatwouldyoulike,coffeeortea?(1)以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman?Doyougobackorstayathome?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?4):反意疑问句A、含义:在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句,对陈述句提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。如:1.Heisclever,isn’the?2.WespeakChinese,don’twe?B、结构:结构一:前肯,+后否eg.Heisclever,isn’the?结构二:前否,+后肯eg.Heisn’tclever,ishe?结构一:前肯,+后否Be动词:1.Youareanactor,_____________?2.Heisagoodboy,______________?3.Itwasfineyesterday,__________?4.YouwerestudyingwhenIcalledyoulastnight,_______________?5.Sheisgoingtovisitme,_________?aren’tyouisn’thewasn’titweren’tyouisn’tshe行为动词:1.Itoftenrainshere,___________?2.Helikessoccer,_____________?3.Youhaveaheadache,__________?4.Icalledyouyesterday,_________?其它动词:1.YouwillgotoAmerica,_________?2.WehaveeverbeentoShanghai,_______________?doesn’titdoesn’thedon’tyoudidn’tIwon’tyouhaven’tweC、特殊用法(一)1.Hismotherisadoctor,__________?2.Thedogsarefighting,____________?3.Thereisaboyinourclassroom,______________?4.Thereweremanycarsinthestreet,_________________?5.Therewillberobotsinourfamilies,______________?isn’tshearen’ttheyisn’tthereweren’ttherewon’tthere三、特殊用法(二)6.Sitdownplease,_______________?7.Pleasecallme,_________________?8.Let’sgohome,________________?9.Letusgohome,________________?won’tyoushallwewillyouwon’tyou结构二:前否,+后肯1.Youaren’tanactor,__________?2.Heisn’tagoodboy,___________?3.Itwasn’tfineyesterday,________?4.Itdoesn’trainhere,__________?5.Hissisterdoesn’thaveaheadache,_____________?6.Youdidn’tcallmeyesterday,____________?areyouishedoesitdoesshewasitdidyou7.Youwon’tgotoU.S.A.,__________?8.Thereisn’taboyinourclassroom,_____________?9.Thereweren’tmanycarsinthestreet,______________?10.Don’tsmoke,____________?willyouisthereweretherewillyou3.祈使句含义:用来表示命令、请求、劝告和建议的句子。主语是“you”,通常省略。句末用感叹号或句号,读的时候用降调。1.肯定形式(动词原形开头)1)be型(Be+表语+其他)eg.Bequiet!安静!Becareful!Don’trunsofast.小心,别跑得太快!Beseated,please!请坐!2)do型(实义动词原型+宾语+其他)eg.Comein,please!请进来!Pleaseopenyourbooks!请打开书!3)let型(Let+宾语+动词原形+其他)eg.Lethimdoitbyhimself.让他自己做。Letmehelpyou.让我帮你吧。Let’sgotothepark.我们去公园吧。2.否定形式(一般在动词上否定,也可以用否定副词来表示)1)be型(Don’tbe+表语)eg.Don’tbesad!别难过!eg.Neverbelateagainnexttime!下次千万别再迟到了!2)do型(Don’t+动词原形+其他)eg.Don’tbelievehim!Heisaliar.别相信他!他是个骗子。Don’tworry!EverythingwillbeOK.别担心!一切都会好的。Neverdoitagain!再也不要做那件事了!3)let型有两种否定形式(1)Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他eg.Lethernotdothat.别让她那么做。Let’snotthinkaboutit.It’sonlyawasteoftime.咱们别再想那件事了。那只是在浪费时间。(2)Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他eg.Don’tletJimdothat.不要让吉姆做那件事。Don’tletusgo,please.请别让我们走。3.特殊形式的祈使句1)无动词祈使句常常用于一些表示禁止的标语牌上eg.Noparking!禁止停车!Nosomking!禁止吸烟!2)加强语气的祈使句:Do+动词原形eg.Dowritetomesoon.一定要快点给我写信啊。Doletmedoitbymyself.请一定让我自己处理。4、“感叹句”所谓感叹句,就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!Whatinterestingfilms!Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!Howfoolishsheis!Howclearlyyouspeak!Howcleveraboyheis!A、感叹句的句式感叹句一般由what或how开头,句末加感叹号“!”。What修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词、动词。一)以what开头的感叹句1.“What+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!”如:Whatacleverboy(heis)!Whatapity!2.“What+形容词+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!”如:Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!3.“What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!”如:Whatfreshmilk(itis)!Whatfun!二)以how开头的感叹句1.“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”如:Howbeautifulthegirlis!2.“How+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)+……!”如:Howgoodanexamplehesetforus!3.“How+副词+主语+谓语!”如:Howfastheruns!4.“How+主语+谓语!”如:Howtimeflies!B、陈述句变为感叹句的方法把一个陈述句变为感叹句时,常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”的方法。具体步骤为:第一步:“一分”,即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线,使句子分为两部分。如:Heis‖averyhonestboy.他是一个诚实的孩子。LiLeiworks‖veryhard.李雷学习很刻苦。第二步:“二加”即如果第二部分的中心词是名词,就加上what;如果是形容词或副词,就加上how.如:Heis‖(what)averyhonestboy.LiLeiworks‖(how)veryhard.第三步:“三换位”即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置,句号换位感叹号。如:Whataveryhonestboyheis!HowveryhardLiLeiworks!第四步:“四去掉”即原陈述句中含有very,too等程度副词时,在变成感叹句时要去掉。以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式:Whatanhonestboyheis!HowhardLiLeiworks!C.感叹句的转换what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。如:Whataninterestingstoryitis!=Howinterestingthestory