8D培训56091930

The8Discipline(8D)ProblemSolvingProcess解决问题的流程－8条戒律2课程目标使参与者通过下列方式解决问题Toenableparticipantstosolveproblemsby使用8D流程-followingadisciplineproblemsolvingmethodologyusingthe8Discipline(8D)Process使用合适的质量工具-applyingtheproperqualitytools课程目标3课程内容组建团队teamsetup描述/定义问题Describe&defineproblem采取临时的遏制措施Takesinterimcontainmentaction定义/验证根本原因define&verifytherootcause(s)识别/验证建议的永久性纠正措施Identify/verifyproposedpermanentcorrectiveaction(s)实施永久性纠正措施Implementpermanentcorrectiveaction(s)预防再发生Action(s)topreventRe-occurrence交流/庆祝成功communicate/celebratesuccess.练习excise:4解决问题高低急迫性高重要性8D既重要又急迫重要但不急迫既不重要又不急迫“不理他”不重要但急迫低什么时候使用8DWhendoyouuseaReactiveProblemSolvingprocess?当高优先权问题出现时Forhighpriorityproblems当产品的标准和规范不能得到满足时Whenstandardsandspecificationsarenotbeingmet当过程失控时Whenaprocessisoutofcontrol当要求正式提供解决问题的证据时Whenformalevidenceofproblemresolutionisrequired5统计工具ProblemSolving-StatisticalTools如果手中只有锤子，那么我们看任何东西都像钉子IftheonlytoolyouhaveisaHammer,everythinglookslikeanail对解决问题的正规方法要求你使用数据对问题和解决方法的有效性进行评估，而不是仅凭思考和主观臆断Theformalapproachtoproblemsolvingrequiresthatyoubaseyourassessmentoftheproblemandtheeffectivenessofthesolutionondata,notspeculationoropinions在解决问题的过程中，使用基本的统计工具确保结果的可测性Fundamentalstatisticaltoolsareusedthroughouttheproblemsolvingprocesstoensuremeasurableresults6统计工具ProblemSolving-StatisticalTools流程图FlowchartsXXXXX脑筋风暴法BrainstormingXXXXXXForceFieldAnalysisXX因果图CauseandEffectXX面谈InterviewingXX调查SurveyingXXX检查表ChecksheetsXXXX直方图HistogramsXXXX排列图ParetoAnalysisXXXX运行图RunChartsXXX饼图PieChartsXXXX关键线路表格CriteriaRatingFormsXX网络图ListReductionX权重图WeightedVolumeX甘特图GanttChartXXX矩阵图PERTChartXXX78DProblemSolving8D体系流程包含下述内容：The8Dsystemisaproblemsolvingprocessthat识别问题Identifiesproblems采取临时的遏制措施Takesinterimcontainmentaction将问题量化Describesproblemsinmeasurableterms使用统计工具分析问题Analyzesthemusingdataandbasicstatisticaltools找出根本原因Findstherootcause通过消除根本原因来解决问题Correctstheproblembyeliminatingtherootcause88DProblemSolving4定义和验证根本原因define&VerifyRootCauses3遏制问题ContainmentProblem2描述/定义问题Describe/defineProblem1组建团队TeamSet-up7防止再发生PreventRecurrence8庆祝成功/交流CelebrateandCommunicateSuccess5识别/验证纠正措施Identify&verifyproposedCorrectiveActionPlan6实施和验证纠正措施Implement&VerifyCorrectiveAction8DProcess8D遵循PDCA循环followsthelogicofthePDCACycle(a.k.a.ShewhartorDemingCycle)98D特点8DProblemSolvingCharacteristics对指定的，可管理的，有明确定义的问题有效。Worksonproblemsthatarespecific,manageableandwelldefined分析问题的所有方面Analyzesallaspectsofaproblem对建议的方法进行合理化分析Developsrationaleforproposedsolutions收集对问题和建议方法有意义的数据Gatherscriticaldataabouttheproblemandproposedsolutions基于团队的过程Teamorientedprocess制定如何成功的实施和评估纠正措施的计划Planshowtoimplementandevaluatetheactionsuccessfully10步骤1：8DProcessStep11-组建团队TeamSet-up8D11决定对此问题是否需要成立一个团队，如果需要：Determinewhetherateamisneededtoaddresstheissue:ifso,1.选择成员Selectandenlisttheteammembers2.明确角色和职责Establishrolesandresponsibilities3.评审团队的活动范围和目标Reviewthescopeandobjectiveoftheteam’sactivity组建团队：Step1:TeamSet-up-Objectives12成员Membership利益关系人Stakeholders技能专家Knowledgeablepeople/technicalexperts问题涉及的人Peopleaccountable&responsibleforproblemarea团队规模TeamSize理想状态是4～6人Ideally,4to6membersto加强内部互动Enhanceinteraction促进交流Promotecommunication承担责任Drivecommitmenttothetask范围，目标，角色和职责Scope,Objective,RolesandResponsibilities明确团队的期望Identifywhattheteamisexpectedtoaddress评估成员的参与性Reviewtheteamsavailability明确决策权限Clarifythelevelofdecision-makingauthorityStep1:-TheProblemSolvingTeam13Step1:-TeamActivity目标Goals1.明确陈述的问题Clarifytheissuetobeaddressed评价支持性的数据Reviewsupportingdata评价规模Assessthemagnitude2.明确团队的角色，职责，范围和目标Establishtheteamroles,responsibilities,scopeandobjectives3.针对此问题采用脑筋风暴法Brainstormpotentialproblemssurroundingtheissueandideasrelatedtothem4.收集支持性数据Collectsupportingdataabouttheproblemarea(s)5.讨论针对此问题的一般性计划Discussthegeneralplanforapproachingtheproblem(s)141.问题是否被确认Havethereportedissuesbeenidentified?2.问题的主题是否被明确Hastheproblemtopicbeenidentified?3.团队是否被建立Hasateambeenestablished?4.会议和决策流程是否被统一Havemeetinganddecision-makingprocessesbeenagreedupon?5.一般性项目计划是否被制定Hasageneralprojectplanbeendeveloped?Step1:TeamSet-up-ChecklistAreweontarget?158DProcessStep22描述和定义问题Describe/defineProblemTeamSet-up8D16目标Step2:Describe/defineProblem-Objectives1.分析和解释数据来缩小问题范围Analyzeandinterpretdatatonarrowdowntheproblemtobeaddressed2.给出问题的正式描述Developaformalproblemstatement17一般性流程Step2:Describe/defineProblem-GeneralProcess明确问题的主题Identifytheproblemtopicsthatmaysurroundtheissue,andselecttheproblemtargetarea.针对问题采用脑筋风暴法并记录想法Brainstormandrecordtheteam’sideasabouttheproblemarea收集数据来确定评判问题的标准Collectdatatovalidatethataproblemexists确定可应用于此问题的标准和规范Establishwhatstandardorspecificationappliestothesituation考虑所有和问题相关的，可得到的信息。Considerallavailablesourcesofinformationthatmayrelatetotheproblem(includingexternalsources)提出并实施解决问题的初步方法Developandimplementageneralplanforapproachingtheproblem181.总结和解释数据SummarizeandInterpretDataA.解释已有的数据，如果需要，收集额外的数据来澄清问题Interpretthedatacollected,obtainingadditional(morespecific)dataifnecessarytoclarifytheproblem-使用统计工具Usethebasicstatisticaltoolstoclarifythedataanddisplay