主动形式表被动含义

1主动形式表被动含义1.feel,taste,sound,smell,look等感官动词和keep,remain,stay,seem,appear,prove等表示状态的系动词后接形容词/名词/介词短语或“tobe+形容词(名词)”作表语时,这些动词常常以主动形式表示被动含义，此时句子的主语是被感知或描述的对象。例如:Silkfeelsverysoft.丝绸摸上去很柔软?Whatyousaidsoundedabitreasonable.你说的听起来有点道理?Thelittlebabylookslikeasmallcat.这婴儿看上去像只小猫?Myroomkeepscleanallthetime.我的房间一直(被)保持得很干净?Einstein’stheorylaterproved(tobe)true.爱因斯坦的理论后来(被)证明是正确的?2.wash,write,wear,sell,read,dry,clean,run,open等动词作谓语时，常可用主动形式表示被动含义，注意:这类动词往往与easily,well,badly,smoothly等副词连用，表示主语的属性特征。例如:Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布很好洗。Foodofthiskindsellswell.这种食品很好卖。Nyloncleanseasily尼龙容易洗干净。Thecoatdrieseasily这种外衣容易干。3.takeplace,happen,hang,measure,weigh等描述状态的不及物动词和短语动词可以用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthelast5years.过去5年里我们学校发生了巨大的变化。Thehenweighs3kg.这只母鸡3公斤重。Hisfamilyphotohangshighlybetweenthetwowindows.他的全家福(照片)高高地(被)挂在两个窗户之间。4.与can’t/won’t/hardly/never等连用的不及物动词,如open,shut,move,lock等,常可用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:Thedoorwon’topen.这门就是不能(被)打开。Theglassnevermoves!这个杯子永远都不能动。5.wear,blow,fly等一些不及物动词用于“主语+谓语+(tobe)+形容词”结构中时,可用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:Thetrousershavewornold.裤子已经穿旧了。Thewindowblewopen.窗户被吹开了。6.need,require,want等表示“需要”意义的动词,后接动词的-ing的主动形式往往表示被动含义。例如:Thepapercan’tcomeout,becauseitneedsimproving.这篇论文不能发表,因为它还需要修改。Theoldbuildingrequirespaintingagain.这栋老房子需要再粉刷一遍。注意:前面两句也可以改为：Thepapercan’tcomeout,becauseitneedstobeimproved.Theoldbuildingrequirestobepaintedagain.7.用“be(well)worth/deserve+doing”结构也可以表示被动含义。例如:误:Hisideaisveryworthconsidering.他的想法值得考虑。正:ThefilmHeroiswellworthseeingasecondtime.电影《英雄》很值得再看一遍?Theplacedeservesavisit/visiting/tobevisited.8.当动词不定式作定语且与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，其逻辑主语是句子2的主语或间接宾语时，用该不定式的主动形式常常可以表示被动含义。（不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。）例如:Ihavealotofproblemstosettleatpresent.目前我有许多问题需要解决?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?你还有什么要说的?Tomislookingforaroomtolivein.Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom有主谓关系）Hehasafamilytosupport.（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）Haveyougotanyclothestowashtoday?今天你有什么衣服要洗吗?(指被问的人洗衣服)比较：Haveyougotanyclothestobewashedtoday?你今天有什么衣服要洗吗?(指问话的人洗衣服)注意:在“therebe...”句式中,如果动词不定式前没有明确的逻辑主语时,不定式用主动形式或被动形式均可,如果有逻辑主语,则用不定式的主动形式?例如:有五封信等着回复?Therearefiveletterstoanswer/tobeanswered.(也可译为:Therearefivelettersformetoanswer.)9.difficult,easy,important,comfortable,convenient,dangerous,hard,cheap，expensive等形容词（表示难易、利弊等含义）作表语或宾语补足语时，动词不定式在其后作状语，并与句子的主语构成动宾关系时，应用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。结构：主语+系动词+形容词+不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。例如:Ifindthathisbooksarealwaysdifficulttounderstand.我发现他的书总是很难理解。Mybrotheriseasytodealwith.我兄弟很容易相处。Themathproblemisnoteasytoworkout.这道数学题不易解出。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。Ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein.我觉得这种车很好坐。10.主语是much,agreatdeal,little,what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。Whatistodo?做什么？Muchistodo.太多要做的事。11.一些固定句式中的主动形式常表示被动含义。例如：Whoistoblamefortheaccident?谁该为这起事故负责?Youaretoblamefortheaccident.你应为这事受动责备。Thehouseistolet.此房出租。Alotremainstodo.还剩下许多事情要做。12.一些“介词+名词”构成的介词短语表示被动含义。例如：ClassThreeisinthechargeofMrChen.三班由陈老师负责?ThebuildingisinthepossessionofTom.这栋楼是汤姆的?Theplanisunderdiscussionatthemeeting.计划正在会上讨论?Don’tworry——everythingisundercontrol.别着急,一切都在掌握之中?3巩固练习:1.ItisTomwhowas_____fortheincident.A.toblameB.blamingC.blamedD.tobeblaming2.Therewerethreee-mailsforthesecretary_____.A.toberepliedB.toreplytoC.toreplyD.toberepliedto3.Onthewall_____twolargeportraits.A.hangsB.hangC.ishangedD.hanged4.Thehousefacingtheriver_____him.A.isinpossessionofB.ispossessionofC.isinthepossessionofD.isinthepossessionby5.Theoldmaniseasy_____.A.togetalongB.togetalongwithC.tobegotalongD.tobegotalongwith6.—Haveyoumovedinthenewhouse?—No.Itneeds_____A.cleanedB.cleaningC.tocleanD.beingcleaned7.Thiskindofcloth_____wellbut_____short.A.iswashed;lastsB.washes;islastedC.washes;lastsD.iswashed;islasted8.Insummerfreshmeatusually_____long.A.can’tbekeptB.can’tkeepC.isn’tkeptD.isn’tkeeping9.Thequestionthattheteacherraisedwasdifficultforme_____.A.toanswerB.tobeansweredC.tobeansweringD.answer10.Whatmymothersaid_____tobetrueintheend.A.provedB.provingC.isprovedD.tobeproved11.Thebookisnotinterestingenough_____.A.tobepublishingB.topublishC.publishD.published12.Theoldwomanrequirespatiently.A.totakecareofB.tobetakencareofC.beingtakencareofD.beingtakencare13.Ican’tgowithyou,becauseIhavealotofthings_____.A.tosettleB.settlingC.tobesettledD.settled14.Don’tbeworried.Yourproblemsare_____.A.indiscussionB.underdiscussionC.inthediscussionD.underthediscussion15.Thismuseumis_____twice.A.veryworthbeingvisitedB.wellworthbeingvisitedC.veryworthvisitingD.wellworthvisiting16.Ilearnedyesterdaythatallthesekindofproblemsare_____MrSmith.A.inchargeB.inchargeofC.inachargeofD.inthechargeofKey:1-5ABBCB6-10BCBAA11-16BBABD