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1第七章定语从句相关概念主句、从句、关系词例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，Thisistheboy.是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中，whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，theboy是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）。代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。）关系代词指人时可以用who,也可用that。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.指物时可以用which,也可用that。Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.whose可以指人也可以指物。Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.关系代词作宾语时可以省略。Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?注：（）表示关系代词省略关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)基础过关1.用合适的关系词完成句子。Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.Aletter______/______iswritteninpencilishardtoread.Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：______定语从句:（）先行词：先行词关系词：例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout？Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?关系词的选择选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句．．．．中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句3和句4中，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用．哪个．．关系词，主．．．．．要．看．关系词．．．在定．．语从句中．．．．作．什么成分．．．．。选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原(答疑qq329950885)为完整的一句话。（可以添词）替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如：Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2.that/which；3.where关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.whyIsthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.whyThereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;whatHelivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whoseHelivesinthevillage______hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whoseInanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whatInanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whatTheplace______interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich3Theplace______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhereI’llneverforgetthedays______westudiedtogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandBI’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandBIfwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.thatIsthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhichIsthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whichB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhichThisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmos-phe