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1.3考研真题与典型题详解I.Fillintheblanks.1.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled______features.(北二外2006研)2.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe______studyoflanguage.(北二外2003研)3.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof______communication.4.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed______5.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof______.6.Modernlinguisticis______inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.7.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof______overwriting.8.Thebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsofalanguageiscalled______.(北二外2003研)9.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled______.(北二外2004研)10.______mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.(北二外2005研)11.Semanticsand______investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.(北二外2007研)12.Inlinguistics,______referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentence.(中山大学2008研)13.______canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.14.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_______.(北二外2008研)15.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)asand.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguisticlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.(人大2006研)16.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa______study.17.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s______.18.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsis______andparole.TheformeristheFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryforspeaking，listening，writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextualfactors.19.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsisandperformance.(人大2006研)20.Chomskyinitiatedthedistinctionbetween______andperformances.(北二外2007研)II.MultipleChoice1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?(大连外国语学院2008研)A.ArbitrarinessB.ConventionC.Duality2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?(西安交大2008研)A.treeB.crashC.typewriterD.bang3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas______.A.unnaturalB.somethingtobefearedC.naturalD.abnormal4.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.Transferability.B.Duality.C.Displacement.D.Arbitrariness:5.Thestudyofphysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechiscloselyconnectedwith______.(大连外国语学院2008研)A.articulatoryphoneticsB.acousticphoneticsC.auditoryphonetics6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJacobson’sframeworkoflanguagefunctions?A.Thereferentialfunctionistoindulgeinlanguageforitsownsake.B.Theemotivefunctionistoconveymessageandinformation.C.Theconativefunctionistoclearupintentions,wordsandmeanings.D.Thephaticfunctionistoestablishcommunionwithothers.7.Whichofthefollowingisamainbranchoflinguistics?(大连外国语学院2008研)A.MacrolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.Sociolinguistics8.______referstothesystemofalanguage,i.e.thearrangementofsoundsandwordswhichspeakersofalanguagehaveasharedknowledgeof.(西安外国语学院2006研)A.LangueB.CompetenceC.CommunicativecompetenceD.Linguisticpotential9.Thestudyoflanguageatonepointintimeisa_______study.(北二外2010研)A.historicalB.synchronicC.descriptiveD.diachronic10.“AnrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2,000yearsago.”Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_____.A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.dualityD.displacement11.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade”is.A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative12.Saussureiscloselyconnectedwith______.(大连外国语学院2008研)A.LangueB.CompetenceC.EticIII.TrueorFalse1.Onomatopoeicwordscanshowthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.(清华2000研)2.Competenceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.3.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage4.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andconventionalityoflanguagemakesalanguagebepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Asaforeignlanguagelearner,thelatterismereimportantforus.5.ThefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalledDESIGNFEATURES.(大连外国语学院2008研)6.Bydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.7.Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.8.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.9.Inlanguageclassroomsnowadaysthegrammartaughttostudentsisbasicallydescriptive,andmoreattentionispaidtothedevelopin