艾略特与荒原

传统与现代：跨越世纪的两座丰碑专题一T.S.EliotreceivingtheNobelPrizeforliterature,December1948.设计:俊T.S.艾略特第3课T.S.EliotreceivingtheNobelPrizeforliterature,December1948.ThomasStearnsEliot心中有数1888.9.26.1948.(50)1965.1.4.(76)2.文学散步英国，伦敦，西敏寺哈佛大学美国，密苏里州，圣路易斯毕业学校：哈佛，巴黎，牛津.主修科目：哲学，印度哲学.语言能力：英文，法文，德文，拉丁文，希腊文，梵文.最得意：《荒原》的发表.最动人：照顾患精神病的妻子海渥特.他的贵人：庞德.名人档案现代主义与后现代主义现实主义：到有太阳的地方去！现代主义与后现代主义：发现太阳只是一堆碎片！*重新整合太阳，嘲笑自己，急虑不安——现代主义*习惯破碎的太阳，嘲笑一切，让绝望滚蛋——后现代主义*直接呈现所观察到的事物,不作任何解释.*用简洁,明晰的语言创造出鲜明,含蓄的意象.*一连串意象的直接并置.*白描的语言.*意象派的创始人:庞德EzraPoundInaStationoftheMetroTheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalonawet,blackbough.意象派诗歌*冷峻的意象*迂回的隐喻*丰富的典故*写物质文明给现代人造成的孤独感和失望情绪*客观对应物*新批评NewCritics*意象派Imagism艾略特的诗TheyarerattlingbreakfastplatesinbasementkitchensAndalongthetramplededgesofthestreetIamawareofthedampsoulsofhousemaidsSproutingdespondentlyatareagates.ThebrownwavesoffogtossuptomeTwistedfacesfromthebottomofthestreet,Andtearfromapasser-bywithmuddyskirtsAnaimlesssmilethathoversintheairAndvanishesalongtheleveloftheroofs.诗行片段MorningattheWindowThecharmofEliot’spoetrytiesnotonlyintheimagesbutalsointhemellowcadencehehascreated.Oneonlyhastoreadaloud“AshWednesday”or“TheHollowMen”toappreciatethatspecialcharm.“TheWasteLand”and“TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”andtwomainpoemsinhiscanon.Thelatterwaswrittenearlier,butforabetterunderstandingofEliot’svisionandstyle,webeginwith“TheWasteLand”.Eliot’spoems创作分期普鲁弗洛克的情歌TheLoveSongofAlfredPrufrock一位夫人的画像PortraitofaLady窗前晨景MorningattheWindow第一时期：1915-22(27-34)通往荒原的历程.创作分期荒原TheWasteLand空心人TheHollowMen第二时期：1922-25(34-37)打开荒原之门.创作分期圣灰星期三AshWednesday四个四重奏FourQuartets第三时期：1930(42)转向宗教的怀抱.AjourneytotheWasteLandPrologue“NamSibyllamquidemCumisegoipseoculisvidiinampullapendere,etcumillipueridicerent:Σίβίυλλατίθέλεις;respondebatilla:αποθανεινθέλω.”ForEzraPoundilmigliorfabbroAprilisthecruelestmonth,breedingLilacsoutofthedeadland,mixingMemoryanddesire,stirringDullrootswithspringrain.Winterkeptuswarm,coveringEarthinforgetfulsnow,feedingAlittlelifewithdriedtubers.(P.161:ll.1-7)I.TheBurialoftheDeadUnrealCity,Underthebrownfogofawinterdawn,AcrowdflowedoverLondonBridge,somany,Ihadnotthoughtdeathhadundonesomany,Sighs,shortandinfrequent,wereexhaled,Andeachmanfixedhiseyesbeforehisfeet.(P.159:ll.60-65)I.TheBurialoftheDeadShallIatleastsetmylandsinorder?LondonBridgeisfallingdownfallingdownfallingdownPois’ascoseneifocochegliaffinaQuandofiamceuchelidon—OswallowswallowLePrinced’Aqitainealatourabolie…V.WhattheThunderSaid(P.165:ll.425-30)Thissectionintroducestheworseningproblemsofthewasteland,indicatingtheextentofthequester’sfailures.I.TheBurialoftheDeadThegeneralthemeissexwithoutlove,especiallywithinmarriage.II.AGameofChessItdepicts,amongotherthings,thehorroroflovelesssexoutsidemarriage.III.TheFireSermonDeathofsailorswhoaresupposedtospreadtheritesoffertilityintheworldisnotonlyapainfulironybutanindicationthathopeforsalvationisfurtherdeferred.IV.DeathbyWaterDeathofsailorswhoaresupposedtospreadtheritesoffertilityintheworldisnotonlyapainfulironybutanindicationthathopeforsalvationisfurtherdeferred.IV.DeathbyWaterAfterthetorchlightredonsweatyfacesAfterthefrostysilenceinthegardensAftertheagonyinstonyplacesTheshoutingandthecryingPrisonandplaceandreverberationOfthunderofspringoverdistantmountainsHewhowaslivingisnowdeadWewhowerelivingarenowdyingWithalittlepatienceV.WhattheThunderSaid(P.162:ll.322-30)WhatisthatsoundhighintheairMurmurofmaternallamentationWhoarethosehoodedhordesswarmingOverendlessplains,stumblingincrackedearthRingedbytheflathorizononlyWhatisthecityoverthemountainsCracksandreformsandburstsinthevioletairFallingtowersJerusalemAthensAlexandriaViennaLondonUnreal(P.163:ll.366-76)荒原难懂(1)运用蒙太奇的剪接手法和拼贴技法.(2)丰富且复杂的象征.(引经据典,旁征博引)(3)跨越时空界限,古今熔为一炉.(意象或跳跃或重叠,场面衔接突兀)(4)意象新奇怪诞,语言复杂多变.(口语,土语,书面语,古语,外国语)通识拓展时代之交：神对人的让位◆文艺复兴宗教改革万物灵长.(人性的高扬)◆地理大发现万有引力光荣革命.(牛顿定下自然秩序)◆革命革命革命.(资产阶级定下社会秩序)◆民族意识列国群起美国因素社会主义.(神权的陷落)通识拓展超世代之交：让智人也困顿的时空理论●黑体辐射能量子光子波粒二象性.(量子力学)●光速不变原理质能等价E=mc2.(狭义相对论)●时空坐标时间弯曲空间扭曲.(广义相对论)●宇宙膨胀黑洞预言人择原理.(爱因斯坦的困惑)通识拓展艾略特的诗歌虽然难懂，但是苦涩有时也是一种美，尝试进入大师的文字王国吧…向你介绍以下诗篇：1.空心人，艾略特.郑克鲁译.2.普鲁弗洛克的情歌，艾略特.裘小龙译.3.荒原，艾略特.裘小龙译.俊推荐