英语五种基本句型结构

英语五种基本句型结构一.主谓一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：1)LiMingworksveryhard.2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.3）Springiscoming.若不及物动词+介词也可以带宾语Theoldmandiedofhunger.不及物动词表见q群二.主谓宾二、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1)Hetookmyarms.2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)常见及物动词•1.abandon2absorb3.abuse4.accelerate5.achieve6.acquire7.address8.admire9.adopt•10.affect11.allocate12.alter13.analyse14.appreciate15.attain16.attract17.ban18.bear•19.boost20.break21.cancel22.catch23.cause24.celebrate25.challenge26.change•27.collect28.combat29.concentrate30.conduct31.confirm32.confront33.consume34.control35.convey38.cut39.damage40.debate41.delay42.deliver43.demonstrate44.deny45.deserve46.destroy47.determine48.develop49.discuss•50.dismiss51.display52.disregard53.disrupt54.distract55.distribute56.earn57.ease•58.eliminate59.emphasise60.employ61.encounter62.enforce63.enhance64.enrich•65.establish66.examine/exam67.exercise68.exhibit69.expand70.exploit71.explore72.express73.extend75.facilitate76.follow77.form79.foster80.fulfil81.gain•82.gather83.generate84.guarantee86.handle88.hold89.ignore•90.imitate93.impose94.improve95.increase98.lay99.limit100.lose101.maintain102.make103.match104.meet107.obey108.obtain109.offer111.oppose112.overcome113.overlook114.perform115.place116.play117.pose118.possess119.predict120.preserve121.prohibit122.promote123.protect124.provide126.pursue127.raise128.reach129.receive130.recognise131.reduce132.reform133.reject134.relieve135.remove136.repair137.repeat138.replace139.resist140.resolve141.respect142.restore143.retain144.reverse145.review146.satisfy147.set148.share149.shift150.solve151.spend152.spoil154.strengthen155.supply156.support158.suspend159.sustain160.take161.teach162.transfer163.transform164.trigger165.understand166.undergo(经历)167.undertake168.utilise169.win170.withdraw三.主系表三、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词词)＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,keep,stay,remain,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,等。如：1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.2)Helookedworriedjustnow.(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,get,turn,grow,go等。：1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.grow,turn,go变成，成为1.grow常指逐渐地变成新状态，强调渐变的过程。growtall长高；growlouder（声音）大起来2.1)turn后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语侧重指变得与原来截然不同。Themanturnedbluewithfear.Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.2)注意turn后接名词作表语不带冠词turndoctor=becomeadoctor=makeadoctor成为一名医生3.1)go作为连系动词，通常与形容词连用，通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。gomad/crazy/blind/bad/hungry/wrong2)go也可以接表示颜色的形容词作表语Hearingthis,shewentred.四.主谓间宾直宾句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.英语中接双宾语的动词•awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.颁奖给某人•bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物带给某人•handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物递给某人•lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人•mailsb.sth.=mailsth.tosb.把某物寄给某人•offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.将某物给某人•owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物•passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人•paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付给某人某物（钱）•postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄给某人•readsb.sth.=readsth.tosb.把某物读给某人听•returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.把某物还给某人英语中接双宾语的动词•1.双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词•showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看•takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿给某人•teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某人某物•tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某情况•throwsb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物扔给某人•writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.给某人写信•sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送给某人•sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物卖给某人•servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词•booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.为某人预定某物•buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人买某物•choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人选某物•cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人煮某物•drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.为某人画某物•fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.为某人去取某物•findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物•fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.为某人准备某物•getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人拿来某物•makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做某物2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词•ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.为某人订购某物•picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.为某人采摘某物•preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物•savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.为某人留某物•singsb.sth.=singsth.forsb.为某人唱某歌•sparesb.sth.=sparesth.forsb.为某人让出某物•stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.为某人偷某物•3、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同。如bring，play等：•Bringmetoday’spaper.•=Bringtoday’spaperto[for]me.五.主谓宾宾补五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.2)Wemadehimourmonitor.3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheb