初中英语语法―介词

介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的含义什么是介词？它的作用是什么？1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代词名词动名词介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_________。名词代词名词动名词关系介词的主要分类：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________地点介词方式介词时间介词固定搭配一.地点介词1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace…_______________________3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor…_________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词填上正确的地点介词：1.在广州_______Guangzhou2.在电影院_______thecinema3.在湖边_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.树上的苹果apples______thetree6.书上的小鸟birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在教室外_________theclassroom9.在农场上________thefarm10.在街道上________thestreetinatbyinonininoutsideonin二.方式介词1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介词with使用器官用介词with使用语言用介词in使用声音用介词in使用方法用介词in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陆路，bysea水路，byair空运_________________但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…7.①Shanghailies___theeastofChina.()②Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()③Hubeilies_____thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在阳光下）underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用byintoon在中国内部在中国外部两地接壤表示穿衣服用in固定搭配()三.时间介词1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________night6.intheday=inthe________表示点钟或具体一点时间用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的时间用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-timelater单独使用可用将来时或过去时态Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后来，再过些时候7.具体时间用不同的介词:在放假期间_____theholiday在圣诞节期间____Christmas三天之后threedays______（一般过去时）____threedays（一般过去时）____threedays（一般将来时）duringlateratafterin注意(1)介词短语：atbreakfastfromnowonfromthenononone’swaytoatfirstatlastintheendinfrontofintimeontimeinthemiddleofatleastatmostinsteadofatonceonfootatthesametimebytheway四.固定搭配的含介词的中考词组:在吃早饭(2)Doyourememberthem?…在…岁时___theageof有时___times/sometimes开始,在…起初___thebeginningof此刻___the/thismoment=now在…结尾,在…尽头___theendof例如____example=such____匆忙地___ahurry到…的时候____thetime=when从…到…_____…___…在户外,在野外___theopenairatatatatatforinbyfromtoinas相邻，靠近next___遍及all_____将来___thefuture由于,幸亏thanks___过了一会儿_______awhile在地球上___theearth到底、究竟___earth下课/放学/下班后______lass/school/work展出___show值日___duty独立,单独all___oneself令(某人)惊讶___one’ssurprisetointoafteronafterononbytooveron(3)固定搭配:arrive___/___aplacefind___（发现，找到）geton/along_____beafraid__sth.hand___(上交）hand___(分发）beangry____sb.beangry____sth.bestrict____sb.bestrict__sth.beready___befull__=befilled_____begood___=dowell____bebusy_____sth.belate___beinterested__eat___give___(放弃）grow___inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinatoutwithinwithinRememberandtranslate:hearfrom(sb)ringupholdon1.继续;坚持;保持2.(打电话时)等一等hurryupstopsb.fromdoingsth.knockat/ontakeofflaughattakepartinlistentothinkaboutlookafter/at/for/up/outtryontryouttakecareofturnon/offmakefriendswithwaitforpayforwakeupputon/up/offwritedownworryaboutmakeprogresswithbefamiliarwithsb./sth.（人）熟悉某人/某物befamiliartosb.…（物）为某人所熟悉bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求bestrictinsth.严格对待某事intheair在空中ontheair播出shoutto呼喊，向…喊shoutat对…吼，责骂intheend＝atlast＝finally最后bytheendof到…末止attheendof在…结束时，在…末端，beknowntosb.为某人所知beknownas作为…而出名，被叫作…beknownfor因…而出名bebusywithsth.忙于某事bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事aheadoftime提前，超前sometime某时sometime某段时间，某一时期sometimes=attimes有时sometimes许多次，许多倍atatime=eachtime每次atonetime=once曾经常用易混淆介词辨析after/in皆可表示时间在……之后，其区别为：after①.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.②.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.between/among1)between多指两者之间。如：What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间，在……之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我们可以说betweenyouandme，但不能说betweenyouandI，因为between是介词。3)between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_______France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.betweenbesides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除……之外，还有）全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除……之外，不计算在内）—Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema___Kangkang,why?—Becausehehadabadcold.A．ExceptB．besidesC．BesideD．without【解析】except“除……之外”，排除……在外的意思；besides“除……之外”，包含……在内；beside“在…旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。over表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表示“正下方”。Th