初中英语语法之比较级、最高级

MakeComparisons1.Writedownthecomparativesandthesuperlativesofthesewordsbignicelongnewcheapyounglatesafethirstyheavyeasyhardhighfewoldthinexpensiveinterestingcarefullyquicklygoodbadlittlefarmany/much形容词的级原级：即形容词的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。smaller,better,taller,older,more最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间的比较。smallest,tallest,newest,best原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er/-estsmallyoungsmalleryoungersmallestyoungest以e结尾的形容词加-r/-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest重读闭音节结尾的词,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写该字母,再加-er/-estbigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er/-estheavyhappyheavierhappierheaviesthappiest单音节和少数多音节的形容词的比较级的变化：双音节或多音节形容词的比较级：1、一般是在原级前加more构成比较级，在原级前加most构成最高级。beautiful–morebeautiful–mostbeautifulinteresting–moreinteresting–mostinterestingdangerous–moredangerous–mostdangerous2、某些单音节形容词，加more,most构成比较级和最高级。glad–moreglad–mostgladpleased–morepleased–mostpleasedtired–moretired–mosttired3、少数多音节形容词，特别是y和ow结尾的，在原级和加er和est构成比较级和最高级。happy–happier–happiestnarrow–narrower–narrowest4、有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或est构成比较级和最高级，也可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。righthugecalmfreetruefond不规则形容词的比较级和最高级：good/well–better–bestbad/ill–worse–worstlittle–less–leastmany/much–more–mostfar–farther/further–farthest/furthestold–older/elder–oldest/eldest比较级的用法：(1)…than…汤姆比杰克高.这只箱子要比那只箱子大.那些苹果比这些大.第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易.TomistallerthanJack.Thisboxisbiggerthanthatone.Thoseapplesarebiggerthantheseones.Thefirstquestionisveryeasy,butthesecondoneiseasier.Moreexamples:Maryisclevererthanherlittlesister.Thenewbuildingishigherthantheoldone.Hisshirtismoreexpensivethanmine.KateismorebeautifulthanLilyis.SheisfiveyearsolderthanIam.Heis2centimeterstallerthanher.Thisruleris20centimeterslongerthanthatone.(2)数量的比较我的笔比你的多.我喝的茶比他多.他吃的饭比我少.一班的学生比二班多.Ihavemorepensthanyou(do).Idrinkmoreteathanhe(does).HehaslessricethanI(do).TherearemorestudentsinClass1thaninClass2.3、形容词原级的比较。形容词的原级与as……as连用表示肯定意思，是“和……一样”的意思；与notas/so……as连用表示否定意义，是“不如”或“不一样”的含义。Sheisasprettyashermother.Thebookisasnewasthatone.Thestoryisasinterestingasthatone.Thequestionisnotas/sodifficultasthatone.Mybikeisnotas/sogoodasyours.4、形容词比较级的修饰。much+形容词的比较级……得多alittle+形容词的比较级……一点Thispenismuchbetterthanthatone.TomisalittleshorterthanhisfriendJim.Todayisalittlecolderthanyesterday.Thebookismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.5.形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级（前后形容词是同一个）越来越……Sheisbecomingthinnerandthinner.Ourcountryisbecomingricherandricher.Therearemoreandmorestudentsinourschool.Livingintheworldisbecomingmoreandmoredifficult.6、the+形容词的比较级+……+the+形容词的比较级表示“越……，就越……”Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Theharderyoustudy,themoreyouwillget.Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcost.Thesooner,thebetter.7、the+形容词比较级+of短语两者中比较……的一个Sheistheprettierofthetwogirls.Thebikeistheolderofthetwo.Hisisthetallerofthetwo.Thisoneisthemorebeautifulofthethetwopicture.形容词最高级的用法(…in…;…of/among…)那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的.今天是一年中最热的一天.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个.上海是中国最大的城市.Thegirlwithredhairisthetallestinourclass.Todayisthehottestdayoftheyear.Hisroomisthecleanestofthethree.ShanghaiisthelargestinChina.注意一些特殊句式ShanghaiislargerthantheothercitiesinChina.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.ShanghaiislargerthananycityinAustralia.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinShanghai.ThecarsmadeinChinaarecheaperthanthosemadeinJapan.Moreexamples:Heistheyoungestofallthechildren.Thisbookisthemostinterestingofallbooks.Americaisthemostdevelopedcountryintheworld.TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.HeisoneofthegreatestscientistsinChina.Thecityisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.Lucyisoneofthetallestgirlsinherclass.Givemybestwishestoyou.Heismybestfriend.