新视野大学英语1Unit3

Introduction--ScienceScience1.Theobservation,identification,description,experimentalinvestigation,andtheoreticalexplanationofphenomena.科学：对现象进行观察、认知、描述、实验性的研究及理论上的解释2.systematicstudyofanythingthatcanbeexamined,tested,andverified科学研究Brainstorming:Brainstormsomeofthescientificandtechnologicalinventions.ScientificandtechnologicalinventionsE-mailComputerLaptopMobilephonecloningNuclearpowerGeneticengineeringAutomobilesTelevisionElectricityInwhatwaydoscientificdiscoverieschangeourlivesforthebetterorfortheworse?Takeoneinventionforexample.changesforthebetter?changesfortheworse?Quickandeasyaccesstoinformation,education,entertainment,etc.ExposechildrentoviolenceDeprivefamiliesofqualitytimeDeprivepeopleofthewilltocommunicatewitheachotherTelevisionchangesforthebetter?changesfortheworse?ClonereplacementorgansfortransplantpatientsLossofgeneticvariationClonehumanbeing:Clonemaybetreatedassecondclasscitizens.Hitlerorotherwarcriminalsorevilpeople?CloningAnimalsofendangeredspeciescouldbepreventedfromextinction.IntroductionThesamescientificandtechnologicaldiscoverycanbringusbothgoodthingsandbadthings.Itisuptoustomakechangesheadtowardschangingourlivesforthebetter.Peoplemustunderstandthatscienceisinherentlyneitherapotentialforgoodnorforevil.Itisapotentialtobeharnessedbymantodohisbidding.-------GlennT.SeaborqStephenHawking(1942~):Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematician“Mygoalissimple.Itiscompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse,whyitisasitisandwhyitexistsatall.”---1958EnteredOxfordUniversityandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics热力学,relativitytheory,andquantummechanics量子力学---1962receivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysicsandenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityattheUniversityofCambridge.---1966EarnedhisPh.D.degreeattheUniversityofCambridge.StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch.---1977Becameaprofessorofphysics.---1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton.In1966,hewasdiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化),whicherodesmusclecontrol.Hehastouseawheelchairandspeaksthroughacomputerandvoicesynthesizer.WhatimpressusmostisHawking’soptimism.----“Althoughtherewasacloudhangingovermyfuture,Ifound,tomygreatsurprise,thatIwasenjoyinglifemorethanbefore.”MoreinformationaboutHawkingSingularity(奇点)((Astrophysics)Apointinspace-timeatwhichthespace-timecurvature（曲率）becomesInfinite/atwhichgravitationalforcescausemattertohaveinfinitedensityandinfinitesimalvolume,andspaceandtimetobecomeinfinitelydistorted.【天体物理学】奇点：时空中的一点，在该点重力使物质的密度无穷大、体积无穷小，空间和时间被极度的扭曲)大星燃烧耗尽会继续坍缩直至达到具有无限密度的奇点，这个奇点，引力场特别强大使得光线不能从围绕它的区域逃逸，而被引力场拉回去。这就叫做黑洞.MainAchievementsMoreinformationaboutHawkingblackhole(黑洞)(Aregionofspace-timefromwhichnothing,notevenlight,canescape.Nothingcanescapebecausegravityissostrong.)任何物质一旦进入黑洞之后将会不能逃出而最终消失黑洞不是完全黑的。在宇宙意义的微观尺度上，粒子和辐射可以从黑洞漏出来。这就是著名的霍金辐射。MainAchievementsABriefHistoryofTime(时间简史)(Oneofhisbookstomakehisworkaccessibletothepublic.)Itguidesustothesupremequestionsofthenatureofphysics,timeandtheuniverse:Wasthereabeginningoftime?Willtherebeanend?Istheuniverseinfinite?GlobalreadingReading.Themainidea:Toensurethesurvivalofhumancivilization,measuresmustbetakentohelpthepublicunderstandscienceGlobalReadingTextOrganization.Page.69ExpositoryWritingPartOne:PresentaviewParas1-3Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience.PartTwo:RaisesandanswersarelevantquestionParas4-6Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience.(amini-exposition)PartThree:Para7TheconclusionLanguagePointsattitude:mannerorwayonethinksabout,behavestoward,orfeelstowardsb.orsth.(usu.followedbyto/towards)Theboyhasabadattitudetowardshisschoolwork.他儿子对待工作的态度让他很生气.Hisson'sattitudetoworkmadehimangry.P.1Likely:describessomethingthatwillprobablyhappenorisexpected:1)probable(Whenfunctioningasana.,thewordisoftenusedinthefollowingpatterns:itislikelythat...,belikelytodosth.)Itislikelythatmyroommatewillwinthefirst-classscholarship.Anearthquakeislikelytostriketheareainayearortwo.Economistssaythatthequickeconomicgrowthislikelytocontinuethroughoutthe2010s.2)probably(Whenusedasanad.,thewordisoftenprecededbymost,morethan,orvery.Youdon'tuseitasanad.onitsown.)Itisreportedthatanothersandstormwillverylikelycomeinthenext24hours.WewillmostlikelystayhomeduringtheSpringFestival.cf.probably,possibleprobable这个词所表示的可能性比起possible的可能性要大。是本组词中可能性最强的用语。例如：Itseemsprobablethathewillarrivebeforedusk.Itisprobablethattheywillcometothemeeting.注意：Probable不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语，其结构为：Itis/wasprobable+thatclause.Possible是这组词中可能性最弱的用词。与probable都不用表示人的名词或代词做主语。注意：它与probable不同之处是：possible做主语时，后面可以接动词不定式或that从句。如：Itis/waspossibletodosth.或Itis/waspossibleforsb.todosth.或Itis/waspossible+thatclause.例如：It’spossibleforhimtogethereat3o’clock.Successispossiblebuthardlyprobableprivilegen.aspecialadvantage特权；特殊待遇；特殊荣幸Asastudentofouruniversity,youwillenjoy/havecertainprivileges,suchasfreeuseofthelibraryandcomputerroom.当女皇参观我校时，我有幸见到了她。IhadtheprivilegeofmeetingtheQueenwhenshevisitedourschool.和你在一起工作是我莫大的荣幸。Itisaprivil