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2015年职称英语考试理工类教材变化对比题型2015新增文章2014被替换文章第一部分词汇选项无变化无变化第二部分阅读判断无变化无变化第三部分概括大意与完成句子无变化无变化第四部分阅读理解第九篇AnEssentialScientificProcess第九篇EgyptFeledbyFamine第二十二篇Real-WorldRobots第二十二篇Snowflakes第五部分补全短文第九篇LighteningStrikes第九篇HeatIsKiller第五篇ARecord-breakingRover第十三篇AffectionateAndroids第五篇TheMagicofSound第十三篇SleepingGiant第六部分完形填空无变化无变化分析题型首先要分析题型，职称英语考试共有6种题型：词汇选项题(15分)，阅读判断题(7分)，概括大意与完成句子(8分)，阅读理解(45分)，补全短文(10分)，完型填空(15分)。2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之理工类补全短文第十三篇AffectionateAndroidsComputersarenowpowerfulenoughtoallowtheageofhumanoidrobotstodawn1.Anditwon’tbelongbeforewewillseerealisticcybercompanions,completewithskin,dexterity,andintelligence.Theywillbeprogrammedtotendtoyoureveryneed.Willweeverwanttomarryrobots?ArtificialintelligenceresearcherDavidLevyhaspublishedabookclaiminghuman-robotrelationshipswillbecomepopularinthenextfewdecades.____1____Willhumansreallybeabletoformdeepemotionalattachmentstomachines?Itwill,infact,berelativelyeasytoformthesestrongattachmentsbecausethehumanmindlovestoanthropomorphize:togivehumanattributestoothercreatures—evenobjects.Forexample,researchersinSanDiegorecentlyputasmallhumanoidrobotinwithatoddlerplaygroupforseveralmonths.____2____Thechildrenendeduptreatingitasafellowtoddler.Whenitlaydownbecauseitsbatterieswereflat，thekidsevencovereditwithablanket.Inafewdecades,whenhumanoidrobotswithplasticskinlookandfeelveryreal,willpeoplewanttoformrelationshipswiththem?Whatifthebotscouldholdaconversation?Andbeprogrammedtobetheperfectcompanions—soulmates,even?____3____Andlikethosetoddlersintheexperiment,theywillbeveryacceptingofthem.Thenextquestion,then,iswhetherthereisanythingwrongwithhavinganemotionalrelationshipwithamachine.Eventodaytherearepeoplewhoformdeepattachmentstotheirpetsandusethemassubstitutesforfriendsorevenchildren.Fewconsiderthatunethical.____4____Forthosewhoalwaysseemtoendupmarryingthewrongmanorwoman,aroboticMr.orMs.Rightcouldbemightytempting.Asthefatherofartificialintelligence,MarvinMinsky,putitwhenaskedabouttheethicsoflonelyolderpeopleformingcloserelationshipswithrobots:“Ifarobothadallthevirtuesofapersonandwassmarterandmoreunderstanding,whywouldtheelderlybothertalkingtoothergrumpyoldpeople?”Arobotcouldbeprogrammedtobeasdumborsmart,asindependentorsubservient,asanownerdesired.Andthat’sthebigdisadvantage.Havingtheperfectrobotpartnerwilldamagetheabilitytoformequallydeephuman-humanrelationships.Peoplewillalwaysseemimperfectincomparison.Whenyou’rebehavingbadly,agoodfriendwilltellyou.____5____Peopleinrelationshipshavetolearntoadapttoeachother:toenjoytheircommoninterestsandtodealwiththeirdifferences.Itmakesusricher,stronger,andwiser.Arobotcompanionwillbeperfectatthestart.However,therewillbenothingtomovetherelationshiptogrowtogreaterheights.【词汇】affectionateadj.深情的dexterityn.灵巧，敏捷anthropomorphizev.赋于人性，人格化grumpyadj.脾气暴躁的cyberadj.计算机的tendv.照料botn.机器人subservientadj.屈从的，奉承的【注释】1．Computersarenowpowerfulenoughtoallowtheageofhumanoidrobotstodawn：计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。【练习】AIt’seasiertohavearobotcompanioninsteadofahumanfriend.BButasophisticatedrobotwillprobablybeevenmoreattractive.CAndifyouwanttogoaheadandtietheknotwithyourspecialelectronicfriend，Levysaidthatsuchmarriageswillbesociallyacceptablebyaround2050.DHowever,fewownerswillprogramtheirrobotstopointouttheirflaws.EMaybeyourgenerationcouldresist,buteventuallytherewillbeagenerationofpeoplewhogrowupwithhumanoidrobotsasanormalpartoflife.FThebotkneweachchildbecauseitwasprogrammedwithfaceandvoicerecognition，anditgiggledwhentickled.【答案与题解】1．C前文讲到David在书中认为人与机器人的关系在几十年后将变得普遍，因此接下来应该继续讲这种普遍性是怎样的。2．F前文讲在圣地亚哥的一个实验，研究人员将机器人放在儿童游乐园里，要填的句子应该是介绍这个机器人。3．E前文提了几个问题，是关于我们对人与机器人关系的看法，而后文讲“他们”会乐于接受，因此要填的句子应该是两类人的对比。E项讲我们这一代人可能会反对，但下一代人就不一定了，符合意思。4．B前文讲有人和宠物发展深厚关系，后面讲的是与机器人发展深厚关系的吸引人之处，因此这里应该讲机器人做伴侣的好处。5．D前文讲好朋友会在你犯错的时候指出来，这里应该是表示对比——机器人不会这么做。2015年新版职称英语教材新增文章系列之理工类补全短文第九篇LighteningStrikesThreeyearsagoaboltoflightningallbutdestroyedLynMiller’shouseinAberdeen—withhertwochildreninside.“Therewasahugerainstorm,”shesays,recallingtheterrifyingexperience.“MybrotherandIwereoutsidedesperatelyworkingtostopfloodwaterfromcominginthehouse.SuddenlyIwasthrowntothegroundbyanenormousbang.____1____Thedoorwasblockedbyrubble,butweforcedourwayinandfoundthechildren,thankfullyunharmed.LaterIwastoldtobestruckbylightningisachanceinamillion.”Infact,it’scalculatedatonechancein600,000.Evenso,DrMarkKeysofAERTechnology,anorganisationthatmonitorstheeffectsoflightning,thinksyoushouldbesensible.“Iwouldn’tgooutinastorm—butthenI’mquiteacarefulperson.”Headvisesanyonewhoisunluckyenoughtobecaughtinastormtogetdownonthegroundandcurlupintoaball,makingyourselfassmallaspossible.Lightningisoneofnature’smostawesomedisplaysofsheerpower.____2____250yearsago,BenjaminFranklin,theAmericanscientistandstatesman，provedthatlightningisaformofelectricity,butscientistsstilllackacompleteunderstandingofhowitworks.____3____Positiveelectricalchargesstreamingupwardsfromtreesorchurchspiresmayglowandmakeabuzzingnoise,andpeople’shaircanstandonend.Andifyoufearlightning,you’llbegladtoknowthatacompanyinAmericahasmanufacturedahand-