非谓语动词作状语

非谓语动词作状语一动词不定式作状语•1.动词不定式通常作状语表示原因.结果.目的.条件等。•1）目的状语•TolearnEnglishwell,hewenttoEngland.•Inordertoachievetheaim,wemustlearnfromothercountries.•常可与inorderto(为了)或soasto(以便)连用。2）结果状语•动词不定式和ving形式作结果状语区别：•1动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only连用构成onlytodosth•2动词ing形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的情况或结果。•Herantothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.•Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofdebts.3)原因状语Weareexcitedtohearthenews.4)条件状语•Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindapostoffice.二动词ing形式作状语•可表示原因.结果.条件.让步.方式伴随等，可转化为相应的状语从句•1.表时间•Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawtheboystillthere.•=whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,he...•Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexam.•=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations,we...2.表原因•Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.•=Becausehewasill,he...•Notmasteringthewayofstudying,ididn’tgetagoodresult.•=Asididn’tmasterthewayofstudying,i...3.表结果(并列谓语)•Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.•=hisfatherdiedandlefthim...•Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.•=Thefirelastednearlyamonthandleftnothingvaluable.4.表条件•Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.•=ifyouworkhardatyourlessons,you...•Ifyoudon’tmakeuseoftime,youwillregret.•=Notmakinguseofthetime,youwill...5.表让步•Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.•=Athoughtheyknewallthis,they...•Studyingfrommorningtillnight,ididn’tpasstheexam.•=Athoughistudiedfrommorningtillnight,i...6.方式.伴随或补充说明(并列结构）•Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.•=Helayonthegrassandstaredatthe...•Thegrilcameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.•=Thegrilcameintotheclassroomandtheysanganddanced.注意:•1为了使动词ing形式作状语表达的意思更明确，可在动词ing前加上适当的连词：when、while、if、though、unless、even等.•Don’ttalkwhilehavingdinner.•Oncelosingthechance,youcan’teasilyfindit.2.动词ing形式做状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。•Whilereadingthebook,thetelephonerang.•Whilereadingthebook,sheheardthetelephonering.•Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.•Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wefoundabeautifulgarden.3.独立成分作状语•常见的分词短语有：•Franklyspeaking;honestlyspeaking;•Judgingfrom;considering;totellthetruth•Honestlyspeaking,heisnotfitforthejob.•Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.三、过去分词ed作状语•过去分词做状语可表示被动和完成的动作。•表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等，相当于相应的状语从句。•1表时间•Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.•=whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thecity...•Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.•=whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,he...2.表原因•Surroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.•=Ashewassurroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldman...•Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.•=Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords,he...3.表条件•Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.•=ifweweregivenmoretime,we...•Comparedwithyourbrother,youshouldmakegreatereffortstostudyEnglish.•=ifyouarecomparedwithyourbrother,you...4.表让步•Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.•=Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,he...•Evenifinvited,iwon’ttakepartintheparty.•Evenifiaminvited,i...5.表示方式或伴随•Supportedbyagirl,theoldmangotoffthebus.•Heturnedaway,disappointed.•Hewalkedupanddowntheroom,lostinthought.注意：•1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，常用于一些系表结构中。此时的过去分词既不表被动也不表完成，而表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost；seated；hidden；lost/absorbedin；dressedin；tiredof等。•Disappointedattheexaminationresult,shesattheresilent.•Satisfiedwithourperformance,theteacherkeptnodding.2.过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。•Askedwhyshewaslate,herfacewentred.•Askedwhyshewaslate,shewentredintheface.3.过去分词或短语做状语时，也可在其前面加上连词when、if、once、though、unless等，以便明确作何种状语。•Thoughbeaten,wewerenotdiscouraged.•=Thoughwewerebeated,we..•Oncetasted,thedishishardtoforget.•=onceitistasted,thedish...4.过去分词做状语与现在分词作状语的区别：•过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系或被动关系。•现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系或主动关系。•Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.•Usingthebook,ifindituseful.•fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.•fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.•AseeingBseenSeenSeeing