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雅思主流写作题型之利弊讨论型组合作文法-审题（topicinterpretation）Thiskindofargumentativeessayrequiresclearthinking,preparation,andaconcise(non-waffly)writingstyle.目前雅思主流写作4题型A.Argumentation（观点辩论型）(1)利弊题（Advantagesordisadvantages）(2)两种/多种选择权衡题（TWOoptions）(3)观点判断题（opinions/comments）B．Discussion（事实讨论型）①Introductionahotissue(Introduction,firstparagraph);②findoutpossibleexplanations(depends,secondparagraph);③analyzeitsimpactonsociety(detailed,bothsides,thirdpara);④suggestfeasibleapproachestoit(correspondingtoprevious).表现形式•Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?•Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?•Doyouthinkitispositiveornegativesituation?•Ithaspositiveornegativeeffecton…?•Discussbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.真题示例•2006.1.14•Therearesocial,medical,andtechnicalproblemsassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephones.Whatformsdotheytake?Doyouagreethattheproblemsoutweighthebenefitsofmobilephones?•2006.2.11•Inmanycountries,theproportionofolderpeopleissteadilyincreasing.Doesthistrendhavemorepositiveornegativeeffectsonthesociety?•2006.2.25•Moreandmoremeasurestoimprovethesecurityintheurbanareahavebeenintroducedbecauseoftheincreasedcrime.Dothebenefitsofthemeasuresoutweighthedrawbacks?••2006.5.20•Theinternationaltourismisthebiggestindustryintheworld.Towhatextentdoyouthinkitsadvantagesfaroutweighitsdisadvantages?•2009年1月17日•Today,peoplecanworkandliveinanywheretheywant,becauseoftheimprovementofcommunicationtechnologyandtransport.•Doadvantagesofthisdevelopmentoutweighthedisadvantages?•2009年3月14日•Moreandmorestudentschoosetogotoanothercountryfortheirhighereducation.•Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?•2009年4月4日•Nowadays，peopleliveinthesocietywhereconsumergoodsarecheapertobuy.•Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?•2009年5月30日•Fossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas)arethemainsourcesinmanycountries,butinsomecountriestheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy(windenergyandsolarenergy)areencouraged.•Towhatextentdoyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?••2009年6月11日•Thefoodtravelsthousandsofmilesfromfarmtoconsumer.Somepeoplethinkitwouldbebettertoourenvironmentandeconomyifpeopleonlyatelocalproducedfood.•Whatextenddoestheadvantageoutweighdisadvantage?利弊类题型审题小结•该类题目通常也以某一即定事实/现象为分析基础,但由于该趋势/现象的原因讨论不是很有必要,转而只分析其利弊(其实就是正面或者负面的影响分析),所以本质和事实讨论型题目是一样的,只是解题方向不同.•事实讨论型通常需要剖析原因,而利弊型通常不用;•事实讨论型分析影响时有指向(比如直接说问某社会现象/趋势会产生什么问题—即等于指明要分析负面影响),而利弊型通常是正反两面都要分析;•事实讨论型分析的影响有时会有限定对象,比如个人或/和社会,利弊型通常不会限定该影响对象,但个人/社会还是可以成为分析利弊的不同切入点.•由于该题型讨论开展的基础同为即定事实/现象,因此利弊类话题可以很容易被转化为事实讨论型问题(原因\影响\对策),反之亦然.但一切以题目要求为准.•2009年4月4日•Nowadays，peopleliveinthesocietywhereconsumergoodsarecheapertobuy.•Doyouthinkitsadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?•(没有分析原因的必要,故而只讨论该趋势的利弊影响)•2009年5月30日•Fossilfuels(coal,oil,naturalgas)arethemainsourcesinmanycountries,butinsomecountriestheuseofalternativesourcesofenergy(windenergyandsolarenergy)areencouraged.•Towhatextentdoyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?•(可转换为事实讨论型:给出替代能源使用日益普遍这一现象,分析替代能源使用日益普及的原因及其影响)•2009年6月11日•Thefoodtravelsthousandsofmilesfromfarmtoconsumer.Somepeoplethinkitwouldbebettertoourenvironmentandeconomyifpeopleonlyatelocalproducedfood.•Towhatextentdoestheadvantageoutweighdisadvantage?•(严格地说这是一个混合型题目,因为它夹杂了一个现象和就这个现象的一个相关观点.所以又带点观点判断题的特征.不过题目不要求对观点直接进行对错与否的评判,而还是侧重在利弊分析上.不过此时的利弊分析是建立在与现实对立的观点基础上的利弊分析.)利弊讨论型必背词汇•Advantage•Pros•Benefit•Merit•Positiveside•Goodnews•Strenth/strongpoint•boon•Disadvantage•Cons•Drawback•Problem•Negativeside•Badnews•Weakness/weakpoint•bane利弊讨论型常用句型•表语从句•Thebiggestadvantage/disadvantagefor…isthat•同位语从句•Weshouldbeawareofthemerit/problemthat…解题步骤一：审题•相对观点判断题容易。•题干：通常是一个常见社会/生活现象而不是观点•注意：这类题目重心是分析利弊，而不是询问原因。题目另有规定除外。解题步骤二：分析利弊•依然使用六大原则对该现象进行利弊分析解题步骤三：段落安排•第一段：介绍背景，引出现象，可适当地对原因加以说明（不需很详细）•第二段：利1到2个；•第三段：弊1到2个(如果能论得很透的话,利弊各一也可)；•第四段：总结，说明利大于弊或弊大于利。引言段示例1•利弊型题目同事实讨论型一样,可用一两句简单进行背景介绍.接着再改写题目表达.最后说:…有利有弊;或说…的利大于弊或弊大于利.(当然利弊孰大的观点可以留在最后总结段点明.•例如:•2009年3月14日•Moreandmorestudentschoosetogotoanothercountryfortheirhighereducation.•Doyouthinkthebenefitsoutweightheproblemsassociatedwithit?•引言段:(参看基础P97)•第一句:背景说明:People’slivingstandardshasimprovedovertheyearsandmanyparentstendtopaymoreattentiontotheirchildren’seducation.第二句:引出话题(改写原题)Therefore,anincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplechoosetogoabroadtopursuetheirhighereducation.•第三句:点明立场:Franklyspeaking,studyingoverseashasbothitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.引言段示例2•2006.1.14•Therearesocial,medical,andtechnicalproblemsassociatedwiththeuseofmobilephones.Whatformsdotheytake?Doyouagreethattheproblemsoutweighthebenefitsofmobilephones?•引言段:(原创)•第一句:背景介绍•Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandardsaswellastheadvancementoftechnology,variouskindsofmachinesorinstrumentsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylife.Forexample,mobilephonesaresowidelyusedthatwecannotimagineourlifewithoutthem.•第二句:引出话题(改写原句)•However,theprevalentuseofmobilephonesalsocausesmyriadsofsocial,medical,andtechnicalproblems.•第三句:点明立场•Yetinspiteoftheirdrawbacks,Ihavetosaymobilesphonesismorehelpfulthanharmfulinoureverydaylife.•87w引言段演练1•2006.2.11•Inmanycountries,theproportionofolderpeopleissteadilyincreasing.