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新语法·精讲突破直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)——陈述句和疑问句一、定义我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连接词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接。Hesaidhewasnothappy.Heaskedmewhentheirplanewouldland.直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化有以下几种情况：1．直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活。时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.2．直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：去掉引号加if(或whether)，陈述语序要记住。时态、人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John？”→Heaskedwhether/ifJohncouldcomethatafternoon.3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉。助动do,does,did，一定要去掉。二、时态的变化若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态无需变化；若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态应变成相应的过去的某种时态。时态的变化例句一般现在时→一般过去时Shesaid,“Ineedacalculator.”→Shesaidthatsheneededacalculator.现在进行时→过去进行时Jimsaid,“I'mexpectingalongdistancecall.”→Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.一般将来时→过去将来时Nancysaid,“I'llcallagainlater.”→Nancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater.一般过去时→过去完成时Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”→Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.现在完成时→过去完成时Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.”→Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.过去完成时→过去完成时Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语在间接引语中的变化直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosetodaythatdaythismorning/afternoon/evening,etc.thatmorning/afternoon/evening，etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'time/twodaysafternextweek/month/year,etc.thenextweek/month/year,etc.；thefollowingweek/month/year,etc.lastweek/month/year,etc.theweek/month/year,etc.before;thepreviousweek/month/year,etc.twoweeks/months/yearsagotwoweeks/months/yearsbeforenowthenherethere四、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变”(1)直接引语如果描述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(2)直接引语带有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变。Hesaid,“I_was_bornin1990inBeijing.”→Hesaidthathewas_bornin1990inBeijing.(3)主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变。Hesays,“TomisgoodatChinese.”→HesaysthatTomisgoodatChinese.(4)在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，主句的谓语动词为过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时，在变为间接引语时这些时态通常不变。Hesaid,“I_was_listening_to_musicwhenshecamein.”→Hesaidthathewas_listening_to_musicwhenshecamein.(5)当直接引语是名人名言时，从句时态不变。Hesaid,“Wherethere_isawill,there_isaway.”→Hesaidwherethere_isawill,there_isaway.新写作·技法点拨如何写好建议信建议信是书信的一种形式，属于应用文文体。建议信是写信人针对某事向收信人提出建议或忠告。建议信有可能是写给某个人的，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构的，就改进其服务等方面提出建议或忠告。建议信的常用结构首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。中段：围绕问题，结构清晰、科学婉转地提出有针对性的建议。注意充分考虑对方的实际情况，表达时应选择得体用语。切忌用语生硬强制、泛泛而谈。尾段：简单予以希望。希望自己的建议能对对方有所帮助，同时阐明你所提供的建议仅供对方参考。(1)信开头常用句式：①Iamwritingtoexpressmyviews/ideasabout/concerning...②Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceon...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.③Thanksfortrustingme.It'smygreatpleasuretogiveyousomesuggestions/advice/tips.(2)表达建议常用句式：①Iwouldliketosuggestthat...②IfIwereyou,Iwould...③AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion...④Foronething...,foranother...⑤Inthefirstplace/Firstly/First...Secondly/Second...Lastbutnotleast(最后但不是最不重要的)．..(3)结尾常用句式：①Theseareonlymypersonalsuggestions/tips.Ihopeyouwillfindthemuseful/helpful.②Iwouldbereadytodiscussthismatterwithyouinfurtherdetail.③I'mwillingtodiscussthismatterwithyouwheneveryouneedhelp.④Iwillhighlyappreciateyourconsiderationofmyadvice/suggestions/tips.【写作模板】TopicDateDear________，I'msogladtoreceiveyourletteraskingformyadviceon________.Hereareafewsuggestions.First,itisimportantto________，asyou'll________.Then,italsohelps________.Furthermore,itshouldbeagoodideato________.Because________.Youcanalso________.I'mquitesurethat________.Please________nexttime.Bestwishes，Sincerelyyours，Signature【常用句式】1．Iamwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerning...2．Iwouldliketosuggestthat...3．Youhaveaskedformyadvicewithregardto...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.4．IfIwereyou,Iwould...5．Itseemstomethatyoucould...6．Ithinkitwouldbemorebeneficialifyoucould...7．Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadviceintoaccount.8．Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestions/recommendationspractical/useful/helpful.9．Iwillbemorethanhappytoseeimprovementsinthisregard.10．Iwillbereadyfordiscussingthismatterintodetails.新思维·随堂自测Ⅰ.直接引语和间接引语转换1．Hesaid,“Mother,thehouseisonfire.”→He________hismother________onfire.2．Hesaid,“theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Ourteachertoldusthattheearth________aroundthesunyesterday.3．Hesaid,“Haveyoureceivedmyletter？”→Heaskedme________I________hisletter.4．FatheraskedPeterwhenhewenttobedthenightbefore.→“______________________？”FathersaidtoPeter.5．Hesaid,“Howmuchdoyoupayforthecomputer？”→Heasked________forthecomputer.6．“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.→Heaskedme________.7．“HaveyoueverbeentoGuilin？”heaskedme.→Heaskedme____________________________.8．“Whendidyougotobedlastnight？”mothersaidtome.→Motheraskedme__________________________thenightbefore.9．MrGreenasked,“Jack,didyouseethefilmyesterday？”→MrGreenaskedJackwhetherhesawthefilm________.10．“Themanhasbeensenttothenearesthospital.”thegirlsaid.→Thegirlsaidthattheman________tothenearesthospital.11．AnEnglishteacheraskedhisstudents,“Areyouinterestedinmylessons？”→AnEnglishteacheraskedhisstudentsif________wereinterestedin________lessons.12．Hesaid,“MycarhasbeenstolenandIwillhaveto