国际经济学作业答案-第三章

Chapter3LaborProductivityandComparativeAdvantage—TheRicardianModelMultipleChoiceQuestions1.Countriestradewitheachotherbecausetheyare_______andbecauseof______.(a)different,costs(b)similar,scaleeconomies(c)different,scaleeconomies(d)similar,costs(e)Noneoftheabove.Answer:C2.Tradebetweentwocountriescanbenefitbothcountriesif(a)eachcountryexportsthatgoodinwhichithasacomparativeadvantage.(b)eachcountryenjoyssuperiortermsoftrade.(c)eachcountryhasamoreelasticdemandfortheimportedgoods.(d)eachcountryhasamoreelasticsupplyforthesuppliedgoods.(e)Both(c)and(d).Answer:A3.TheRicardiantheoryofcomparativeadvantagestatesthatacountryhasacomparativeadvantageinwidgetsif(a)outputperworkerofwidgetsishigherinthatcountry.(b)thatcountry’sexchangerateislow.(c)wageratesinthatcountryarehigh.(d)theoutputperworkerofwidgetsascomparedtotheoutputofsomeotherproductishigherinthatcountry.(e)Both(b)and(c).Answer:D4.Inordertoknowwhetheracountryhasacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofoneparticularproductweneedinformationonatleast____unitlaborrequirements(a)one(b)two(c)three(d)four(e)fiveAnswer:DChapter3LaborProductivityandComparativeAdvantage—TheRicardianModel195.Acountryengagingintradeaccordingtotheprinciplesofcomparativeadvantagegainsfromtradebecauseit(a)isproducingexportsindirectlymoreefficientlythanitcouldalternatively.(b)isproducingimportsindirectlymoreefficientlythanitcoulddomestically.(c)isproducingexportsusingfewerlaborunits.(d)isproducingimportsindirectlyusingfewerlaborunits.(e)Noneoftheabove.Answer:B6.Giventhefollowinginformation:UnitLaborRequirementsClothWidgetsHome1020Foreign6030(a)Neithercountryhasacomparativeadvantage.(b)Homehasacomparativeadvantageincloth.(c)Foreignhasacomparativeadvantageincloth.(d)Homehasacomparativeadvantageinwidgets.(e)Homehasacomparativeadvantageinbothproducts.Answer:B7.IfitisascertainedthatForeignusesprison-slavelabortoproduceitsexports,thenhomeshould(a)exportcloth.(b)exportwidgets.(c)exportbothandimportnothing.(d)exportandimportnothing.(e)Alloftheabove.Answer:A8.IftheHomeeconomysufferedameltdown,andtheUnitLaborRequirementsineachoftheproductsquadrupled(thatis,doubledto30forclothand60forwidgets)thenhomeshould(a)exportcloth.(b)exportwidgets.(c)exportbothandimportnothing.(d)exportandimportnothing.(e)Alloftheabove.Answer:A9.IfwagesweretodoubleinHome,thenHomeshould:(a)exportcloth.(b)exportwidgets.(c)exportbothandimportnothing.(d)exportandimportnothing.(e)Alloftheabove.20Krugman/Obstfeld•SeventhEditionAnswer:A10.Iftheworldequilibriumpriceofwidgetswere4Cloths,then(a)bothcountriescouldbenefitfromtradewitheachother.(b)neithercountrycouldbenefitfromtradewitheachother.(c)eachcountrywillwanttoexportthegoodinwhichitenjoyscomparativeadvantage.(d)neithercountrywillwanttoexportthegoodinwhichitenjoyscomparativeadvantage.(e)bothcountrieswillwanttospecializeincloth.Answer:A11.Giventhefollowinginformation:NumberofUnitsProducedbyoneUnitofLaborClothWidgetsHome1020Foreign6030(a)Neithercountryhasacomparativeadvantage.(b)Homehasacomparativeadvantageincloth.(c)Foreignhasacomparativeadvantageincloth.(d)Foreignhasacomparativeadvantageinwidgets.(e)Homehasacomparativeadvantageinbothproducts.Answer:C12.TheopportunitycostofclothintermsofwidgetsinForeignisifitisascertainedthatForeignusesprison-slavelabortoproduceitsexports,thenhomeshould(a)exportcloth.(b)exportwidgets.(c)exportbothandimportnothing.(d)exportandimportnothing.(e)Alloftheabove.Answer:B13.IfwagesweretodoubleinHome,thenHomeshould(a)exportcloth.(b)exportwidgets.(c)exportbothandimportnothing.(d)exportandimportnothing.(e)Alloftheabove.Answer:B14.Iftheworldequilibriumpriceofwidgetswere4Cloths,then(a)bothcountriescouldbenefitfromtradewitheachother.(b)neithercountrycouldbenefitfromtradewitheachother.(c)eachcountrywillwanttoexportthegoodinwhichitenjoyscomparativeadvantage.(d)neithercountrywillwanttoexportthegoodinwhichitenjoyscomparativeadvantage.(e)bothcountrieswillwanttospecializeincloth.Chapter3LaborProductivityandComparativeAdvantage—TheRicardianModel21Answer:A15.Iftheworldequilibriumpriceofwidgetswere40cloths,then(a)bothcountriescouldbenefitfromtradewitheachother.(b)neithercountrycouldbenefitfromtradewitheachother.(c)eachcountrywillwanttoexportthegoodinwhichitenjoyscomparativeadvantage.(d)neithercountrywillwanttoexportthegoodinwhichitenjoyscomparativeadvantage.(e)bothcountrieswillwanttospecializeincloth.Answer:A16.Inatwoproducttwocountryworld,internationaltradecanleadtoincreasesin(a)consumerwelfareonlyifoutputofbothproductsisincreased.(b)outputofbothproductsandconsumerwelfareinbothcountries.(c)totalproductionofbothproductsbutnotconsumerwelfareinbothcountries.(d)consumerwelfareinbothcountriesbutnottotalproductionofbothproducts.(e)NoneoftheaboveAnswer:B17.Asaresultoftrade,specializationintheRicardianmodeltendstobe(a)completewithconstantcostsandwithincreasingcosts.(b)completewithconstantcostsandincompletewithincreasingcosts.(c)incompletewithconstantcostsandcompletewithincreasingcosts.(d)incompletewithconstantcostsandincompletewithincreasingcosts.(e)Noneoftheabove.Answer:B18.Asaresultof