年硕士研究生入学考试英语辅导阅读理解魔道之争,水火不容。然我辈常误入歧途,至于走火入魔而不知。易筋洗骨,正本清源,不二法门之端也,篇名易筋经之深意也。做题分三步,先本后末再选择,从我正道,勿走邪道,切记,切记。★题型总揽题型即招数,参透对手招数,知己知彼,百战不殆。题型定义特征解题对策例题主旨题考查全文或段落主旨题干标志词:mainideamainlyaboutprimarilycenter(focus)onpurposeinorderto段落主旨题题干一般会指明某一段落1找主旨句是关键,主旨句一般在文章首尾或段落首尾。2如果文章开头写的是例子、细节;现象、问题;旧观点、大众观点;这些就不会是主旨句,应该略过这些内容,往下找概括性、总结性、转折的句子,这才是主旨句。3没有明显主旨句时,可把各段段意相加归纳。4根据全文内容的详略判断主旨,主题着墨多,写得详。5主旨题答案特征:抽象是解,具体不是解。6主旨题可放在最后做。态度题考查对某一事物、现象和人的态度。题干标志词:attitude,inone’sopinion,impression,tone,view,1在文章中找带有情绪色彩的词、句。2注意对比处、比较处。3注意相关事物好的方面写得多(暗示作者积极的态度),还是差的方面写得多(暗示作者消极的态度)。态度题选项常用词:(1)approvinghumorouspositiveemotionalsympatheticinstructiveoptimisticcomplimentaryinformativesubjective(2)criticalquestioningironicdepressedpessimisticdoubtfulpessimisticprejudicedmockingdisapprovaldisappointedunconcernedpartial(3)neutralindifferentobjectiveconcerned标考查文章的标题1标题总是和全文主旨有关,做标题题时,要选题题题干标志词:tittle择与全文主旨、或主要谈论对象最接近的一项2标题不能太宽,没有涉及全文主要谈论对象3标题也不能太窄,仅涉及文章某一部分4标题题没把握时,还可以反过来思考,这一个标题按照常规应写些什么,原文是否这样写了例证题考查某一个例子说明什么题干标志词:exampleillustrateexperiment1答案在例子前一句、后一句;若例子占据一整段,则答案存在前一段、后一段。2例子本身不是解。释义题考查对文章中某一个单词、词组、句子的理解。题干标志词:引号,mean,referto1瞻前顾后原则。观察考点前后表示相同、相似或相反意义的词、同位语、定语,注意破折号、冒号。2带入法,将选项带入原文,从语义、语法、逻辑上判断是否正确。3结构法,分解单词、词组,猜测大意4熟悉的词汇,一定不能选基本含义,答案一定是其引申含义。细节题题干涉及文章某一细节的题1根据题干信息词,迅速在原文找到出处,原文说什么就选什么,原文没说的不能选。2正确答案有时是原文的某些信息或同义代换。3较难的题目,原文是一个或多个具体信息,正确答案将之概括成一个信息。推理题就文章某一信息进行推理,体会言外之意。题干标志词:deduceconcludeimplyinferindicatelearnfrom,judgingfrom,suggest1推理题答案往往是相关内容的综合概括、引申发展。2答案必然在原文中有依据,但又不能是原文中明确提到的,即立足原文,做到三个“不行”:不推不行,推过不行,推错了也不行。3推理题的答案往往在长难句处、虚拟语气处、对比处、比较处等。★十大埋伏埋伏处,生与死之交也,敌欲困我于此,我偏冲出囹圄。考场时间,分秒必争。搜索路标,快慢有律。遇见埋伏,三思而行。今列出十大埋伏,皆为出题人偏爱之处,题目路标,常隐含其中。暴露对手命门,大快朵颐。1文章首尾,段落段首:2转折处,对比处:(1)but,however,nevertheless,although;含蓄转折,通过过去与现在对比,或Itseemsthat…、’ssaidthat…等句型表达。(2)more…than,notsomuch…as,less…than,wouldrather3强烈语气处:especially,particularly,true,surprisingly,4双重否定处:表肯定,实为强调5列举、举例处:常出细节题、例证题。如first,second,third…,forexample,forinstance,6数字处、年代处,专有名词处:常出细节题7因果处:连词:becauseof,therefore,consequently,动词:cause,result,originatefrom,underlie,名词:basis,result,consequence8长难句处:常出推理题:虚拟语气处、强调句、形式主语、从句套从句、同位语、插入语、if,when等引导的条件句9特殊标点符号处:如冒号“:”、引号10最高级、绝对化的词:如thebest,most,worst,never,must,all,only,everyone,anything,★干扰项特点我辈常苦众多干扰,似是而非,真假难辨,实不知江湖之险恶也。守住原文,识别干扰,方能铲除心魔,修成正果。1有无之辨:干扰项是原文没有提到的。2正反之辨:干扰项内容与原文相反。3深浅之辨:正确答案往往涉及深层次内容,如与文章主旨有关、或比较抽象概括。干扰项往往比较浅显,如涉及某个细节。4强弱之辨:原文没有用绝对化的词,干扰项含有绝对化的词,往往不能选,如only,all,never,every。但注意,如果原文中出现绝对化的词,则要根据原文选择。5宽窄之辨:把原文某个细节、某个词的范围扩大或缩小是出题人常用之伎俩,一定要注意原文相关内容的使用范围。6答非所问:某一个选项在文章中的确出现,本身没错,但题目问的不是这个问题。7指鹿为马:一个单词有多种含义,某选项中该词的含义与文章中该词的含义不一样,此项一定为干扰项。另一种情况,选项中一个单词与原文某个单词长得很像,但意思完全不同,此项一定是干扰项。8偷梁换柱:干扰项大体上与原文所述相同,但其中某处被换成其他内容。9主客之辨:动作的发出者变成了动作的接受者;或客观内容变成了主观看法。古云:重剑无锋,大巧不工。研习易筋经,常思常练,初则按部就班,如履薄冰;继而游刃有余,行云流水,以至于全无羁绊,随心所欲,任其千变万化,出手是招,当其所时,可谓天下无敌矣。真题建议用来作考前训练!其余真题中划线的句子必须准确理解!2008年真题回顾Text1Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“It’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwaddeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.21.Whichofthefollowingistrueacc