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TheObjectClause(Revision)Weknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s谓v宾o主s谓v宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句一什么是宾语从句？试比较•教学难点•1.if与whether的区别•2.连接词的选用•3.宾语从句与简单句的互换•4.时态的选择二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序that（陈述句）连接词if／whether（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句）注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小时后他会回来）2.Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我们）hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuch•在以下情况中that不能省略•1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。•——Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．••2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。——JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.••3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。——Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.•4、当it作形式宾语时•eg：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．•许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。•5、当宾语从句前置时•Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．•6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。e.g.1)Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（谁的，作定语）2)Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（为什么，作状语）3)Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（谁，作主语）带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?3.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。一般情况下，if/whether可互换。Iwanttoknow__________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）Askhim_____________________.（他是否能来）if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomeIf与whether的区别1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherHelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.三.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。将下面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。1.Canheswim?2.Doeshehaveapen?3.Whichplacedidhegoto?4.What'swrongwithyou?5.Whathappenedtoyou?•6.Whichisthewaytothestation?•Canyoutellme/Iwanttoknow/Iwonder/Pleasetellme……?•e.g.Canyoutellmeif/whetherhecanswim?•想一想为什么4，5，6语序不变？当特殊疑问词在句中做主语时，语序不变。1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）•1)HewillgotoHongKong.•2)Heissick.•3)Heisreadingabook.•4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.Hesaid1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)Hehiswork.wouldgowaswasreadinghadfinished3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时1.连接词角度()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhoseCBBAAC•2.陈述句语序角度•()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich•()2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked•()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit•()4.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid•()5Didyouknow____?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter•()6Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingAABBCD3.时态一致性()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelledACBCD1.Couldyoutellmeifthey_____________(work)inthefactorysofar.2.Didyourparentstellyouthatthesun_______(rise)ineast?3.-----What______he_____(say)justnow?I____________(notcanhear)him.-----He_______(say)thathe________(plant)treeswithhisparentsyesterday.4.Canyoutellmewhen________(leave)tomorrow?haveworkedrisesdidsaycouldn’thea