实用英语语法教程-第十八章 状语从句

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第十八章状语从句1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.目的状语从句5.条件状语从句6.让步状语从句7.比较状语从句8.方式状语从句9.结果状语从句10.对比状语从句11.状语从句中的省略现将各种状语从句常用的从属连词和词组列表如下:种类连接词时间after,as,before,once,since,when,whenever,while,now(that),assoonas,till/until,theminute,themoment,directly,immediately,each(every)time,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when地点where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere原因because,since,as,inthat,now(that),considering(that),seeing(that)目的sothat,inorderthat,that,so,lest,incase,incaseof,forfearthat,etc.结果sothat,so…..that,such….that,that,so条件if,unless,once,as(so)longas,as(so)faras,incase,provided(that),providing(that),suppose(that),supposing(that),oncondition(that)让步though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatter(what,when,who…..),however…….,whether,while方式as,asif,asthough,theway比较than,(not)as….as,notso….as,the…..the…..对比while,whereas状语从句同状语一样,在句中位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句末或偶尔句中。例如:WhenIhavetime,Ireadmodernpoems.我有时间就读现代诗。.Shelookedbothwayswhenshecrossedthestreet.她两边看了一下,然后才过街。IcomehereeverymonthsinceIwasachildtoseemygrandfather.我从小就每月来看我的祖父。1时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词主要有after(在…之后),as(当,一边…一边…),before(在…之前),once(一旦),since(自从),when(当…时),whenever(不论何时),while(在…期间),now(that)(既然),aslongas(长达…,达…之久),assoonas(一…就…),till/until(直到…),theminute(一…就…),themoment(一…就…),directly(一…就…),immediately(一…就…),each(every)time(每次)等。1.1when,while和as等连词的用法I’llletyouknowwhenitisarranged.安排好了我会告诉你的。While/AsIwaswalkinghome,itbegantorain.当我往家走时,天开始下雨了。Shewaswalkingalonewhenaboyranupbehindherandtriedtosnatchherpurse.正当她一个人走路时,突然一个男孩从身后上来企图抢她的手提包。IwasreadingabookwhilehewaswatchingTV.我看书时他在看电视。Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.随着年龄的增长,你会变得更聪明。Astimewenton,theirhopesbegantowane.随着时间的消逝,他们的希望开始变得渺茫。ItwasanotherfiveminutesbeforeDorisheardhimcomingdownthestairs.又过了5分钟多丽丝才听到他从楼上下来。Once(=When)wehavedecoratedthehouse,wecanmovein.一旦我们把房子装饰好就能搬进去。1.2themoment,theinstant,immediately,everytime等的用法Athunderofapplausebrokeoutthemomenthefinishedhisspeech.他发言一结束,立刻响起雷鸣般的掌声。TheinstantIsawhim,Iknowhewasmyoldschoolmate.我一看见他,就认出他是我的老同学。Immediatelyheearnsanymoneyhespendsit.他一挣钱就花了(挣多少就花多少)。Everytimehecomes,hebringsmeanewissueofsomemonthlymagazine.每次他来总给我带新的一期月刊来。Bythetimesheenteredcollege,shehadbeenexposedtoEnglishforsixyears.她上大学时已学了6年的英语。1.3nosooner…than和hardly…when的用法这种结构当nosooner,hardly等放在句前时,需要倒装。例如:Hehadnosoonerdrunkthecoffeethanhebegantofeeldrowsy.(=Nosoonerhadhedrunkthecoffeethanhebegantofeeldrowsy.)他一喝咖啡就犯困。Theperformancehadhardlybegunwhenthelightswentout.(=Hardlyhadtheperformancebegunwhenthelightswentout.)演出一开始,灯就熄灭了。【注】时间状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时;用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例如:I’llphoneyouwhenIgethomefromwork下班一到家我就打电话给你。Youwillgettolikethesubjectafteryouhavestudieditforsometime.这门课学过一段时间后,你就会喜欢的。2地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有:where(在…地方),wherever(无论什么地方),everywhere(到处)以及anywhere(无论何处)等。例如:Wherethereisoppression,thereisstruggle.哪里有压迫,哪里就有反抗。Sitwherever/anywhere/everywhereyoulike.你想坐在哪里就坐在哪里。EverywhereJennygoesshe’smistakenforPrincessDiana.无论詹妮走到哪里,她都会被误认为是黛安娜公主。Whereveryouwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.不论你在哪里工作,你都必须始终全心全意地为人民服务。【注】where引导的状语从句有时表示条件的意义。例如:Wherethereislove,thereisfaith.只要有爱情,就会有真诚。Wherethere’smarriagewithoutlove,therewillbelovewithoutmarriage.只要有无爱的婚姻,就会有婚外情。Wherethereisawill,there’saway.谚有志者事竟成。Socratessaidthatthereisnohappinesswherethereisnowisdom.苏格拉底说,没有智慧就没有快乐。3原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词主要有:because(因为,由于),as(因为,由于,鉴于),since(既然,因为),inthat…(因为),now(that)…(由于,因为,既然),seeing(that)(因为,鉴于),considering(that)(由于,考虑到……)等。3.1because,since和as的用法because的语气最强,回答why提出的问题,since的语气次之,as又次之。since和as引导的原因状语从句所说明的原因往往是已知的。because引导的从句一般放在主句之后,特别强调原因时,也可放在主句之前。Sinceyousayso,Isupposeitistrue.你既然这么说,我想这是真的。AsIamabouttostartajourney,IshallnotbeabletobegintheworkbeforeIreturn.由于我将出去旅行,回来之前我不能开始那项工作。Ican’topenthedoorbecauseI’vebroughtthewrongkey.因为拿错了钥匙,我开不了门。Becausethemeetingwastakingtoolong,Mr.Greendecidedtoleaveatonce.会议拖得太久,格林先生决定马上离开。3.2seeing(that),now(that),considering(that)和inthat的用法这几个连词同since/as意义相近,都有“鉴于某个事实,原因是”的意思。通常用于书面语中。例如:Seeing(that)theyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.由于他们刚开始学做,他们干得算是很不错的了。ConsideringthatIhavetoldyouthreetimes,youmustknowit.既然我已告诉你三次,你应该懂了吧。Now(that)Ihavevisitedtheexhibition,Ifeelmoreproudthaneverofourgreatcountry.看了这个展览会我比过去更为我们伟大的祖国而感到骄傲。Agasdiffersfromasolidinthatithasnodefiniteshape.气体不同于固体是因为它没有一定的形状。4目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词主要有sothat(为了,以便,使),inorderthat(为了,以便),that(为了,以便),so(为了),lest(免得,以防,以免),forfear(that)(以防,以免)等。4.1sothat和inorderthat的用法Theyclimbedhighersothat/inorderthattheymight/could/should/might/wouldgetabetterviewofthecity.他们爬到更高处以便更好地欣赏城市美景。I’vearrivedearlysothat/inorderthatImay/can/willgetagoodviewoftheprocession.我到得很早,以便能好好看看那行进的队伍。Hewalkedquickly,somuchsothatnocouldfollowhim.他走的很快,没有人能跟上他。Shepamperedhimsothathewouldfeelthoroughlycontented.她非常娇惯他,目的是使他感到完全满足。4.2incase,lest和forfear(that)的用法由incase,forfearthat,lest引导的目的状语从句中一般用虚拟语气,由should加动词原形表示,表示”免得,以防,以免”等意思;但也可用陈述语气。Childrenplayedquietlyintheroomlestthey(should)wakeuptheirmother.孩子们在房间里静静地玩耍,惟恐吵醒他们的妈妈。Icheckedalltheresultstimeandagainforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistakes.我再三核对了所有的结果,惟恐有差错。We’veinstalledanextinguisher

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