主语从句

简单句的基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+不及物动词3.主语+及物动词+宾语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Summary简单句1.S+VHecooks.Abusarrived.2.S+V+OIlikeEnglish.TomwatchesTV.3.S+LV+P表语Sheisastudent.Thehouseisgreen.4.S+V+IO+OTheygavemeapresent.I’llgetyousometea.5.S+V+O+OCWecallherLily.Ifindmathsdifficult.Hemademelaugh.Weaskedhimtocome.Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Nounclause名词性从句Step1：RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisLiMing.主语表语Mr.Li,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)Whatkindofnounclausesarethey?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.主语从句宾语从句宾语从句（介词之后Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.表语从句同位语从句Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.宾语从句宾语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句主语从句：充当主语的句子叫主语从句。从属连词基本用法一、that引导主语从句1.that引导主语从句，起连接作用，不充当成分。2.主语从句置于句首时,不能省略连接词。Thathelikesbooksofthiskindisveryinteresting.他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。注意:由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:1.Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.______________________________________________________________________________2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural._____________________________________*it为形式主语Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识*_______________(很遗憾)welostthematch.*______________(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat2)Itis+adj.+从句It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…*_________________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_________________(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.+(should)+do…ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat3)It+不及物动词+从句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…*________________(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*____________________(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建议……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……*___________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*______________________(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。Helikesbooksofthiskind.It’sveryinteresting.=Thathelikesbooksofthiskindisveryinteresting.=It’sveryinteresting(that)helikesbooksofthiskind.1、表不确定的主语从句位于句首的时候则必须用whether，不能用if.二、Whether/if引导主语从句•Whetherwe’llgotocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。Itisdoubtfulwhetherhehasreceivedyourletter.=Itisdoubtfulifhehasreceivedyourletter2、如果用It作形式主语时,whether和If都可以引导主语从句。3、whether和if不充当句子成分，含有“是否”的意思,若后紧跟ornot，用whether.what引导主语从句连接代词基本用法Heoftenholdsadictionaryinhishand.What1、what引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语、宾语。heoftenholdsinhishandisadictionary.(1)、Theboysaidthathemissedhismotherverymuch.whattheboysaidwasthathemissedhismotherverymuch.(2)、Hewantstoseehismother’ssmile.Whathewantstoseeishismother’ssmile.2、who,whatever,whoever,whose,whom可引导主语从句，在从句中充当成分。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.whowasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetclear.Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.(无论什么,主语)(无论谁，主语)谁，主语连接副词基本用法Wherehecamefromstillpuzzlesallofus.Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Where/when/how/why也可引导主语从句，在从句中充当状语。•如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；•由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。•Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.•Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.主谓一致例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.正：Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.主语从句要采用陈述句的语序。注意：Whatyousaidabouthimmakeshimsad.Thatyoudon’tlikehimmakeshimsad.难点1：that与what的区别Whattheteachersaidhadagoodeffectonthechildren.Itwastrue(that)Alicedidsurprisedhermother.1、都起引导作用，放在句首都不可以省略2、that不充当成分；what在从句中充当成分3、that无词义；what表示“···的东西/事情/话”1、___hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What2、____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.(NMET1996)A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what［解析］名词性从句whatwecan’tget和whatwehave中what都充当宾语，都属于关系代词型的what，本身不表示疑问而表示泛指相关的事物。“whatwecan’tget”相当于包含定语从句的“thingsthatwecan’tget”;“whatwehave”相当于包含定语从句的“thingsthatwehave”。难点2：wh-词和wh-ever的区别Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anythingthatyoudidisright.Whatcausedtheaccidentwhichhappenedye