专题1名词专题2代词专题3冠词专题4数词专题5介词和介词短语专题6形容词和副词专题7连词专题8系动词和情态动词专题9动词短语及词义辨析专题10动词的时态和语态专题11非谓语动词专题12主谓一致专题13简单句(陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句、倒装句)专题14复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)专题1名词专题1名词┃考点直击┃中考考点1.正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2.掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。3.掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等名称的词。常见考点如下:专题1名词1可数名词1.名词变复数的规则变化种类构成方法例词一般情况词尾加-sbook—booksbag—bags以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-esbus—buseswatch→watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-escity—citiesfamily—families专题1名词以元音字母加y结尾的词直接加-sday—daysboy—boys多数以o结尾的词加-sphoto—photosradio—radios个别以o结尾的词加-eshero—heroestomato—tomatoespotato—potatoesNegro—Negroes以f或fe结尾的词多数变f或fe为v,再加-esknife—knivesleaf—leaveslife—lives专题1名词2.不规则变化名词变复数的不规则变化有三种情况:(1)改变单数形式名词中的元音字母。如:foot—feet;tooth—teeth;man—men;woman—women;policeman—policemen;policewoman—policewomen;Englishman—Englishmen(特例:German—Germans)(2)单复数同形。如:Japanese,sheep,Chinese,deer,fish(3)词尾加-(r)en。如:child—children;ox—oxen。专题1名词3.英语中有些名词总以复数形式形式出现。如:trousers,pants,clothes,glasses(眼镜)等。4.集体名词的数。集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,team等。它们以单数形式出现,但实为复数概念。如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数形式。如:MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人正在看电视。Myfamilyisahappyone.我家是一个幸福的家庭。专题1名词有些集体名词通常只用作复数形式,如:people(人们),police(警察)等,如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如:apeople×①一个人aperson√apolice×②一名警察apoliceman/policewoman√专题1名词2不可数名词1.物质名词。如:milk,water,rice2.抽象名词。如:work,time,health3.不可数名词的量的表达:数词+量词+不可数名词如:apieceofpaper,abottleoforange,twoglassesofwater/milk,acupoftea,threebagsofrice专题1名词3既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:chicken鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数)room房间(可数);空间(不可数)fish鱼(可数);鱼肉(不可数)glass玻璃杯,眼镜(可数);玻璃(不可数)paper试卷,报纸(可数);纸张(不可数)专题1名词4名词所有格1.构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法:①一般情况下在名词后加's。如:迈克的汽车Mike'scar我妈妈的生日mymother'sbirthday②以s结尾的复数形式名词只加'。如:教师节Teachers'Day三小时的步行3hours'walk③不以s结尾的复数形式名词,直接在词尾加's。如:妇女节Women'sDay儿童节Children'sDay专题1名词(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of+名词”构成。如:我们教室的一张照片apictureofourclassroom一张中国地图amapofChina[注意]表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词,也可用's构成所有格。如:今天的报纸today'snewspaper世界人口theworld'spopulation专题1名词2.特殊用法(1)表示共同拥有的人或物时,只需在最后一个人的名字后加's;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加's。如:莉莉和露西共有的房间LilyandLucy'sroom莉莉和露西各自的房间Lily'sandLucy'srooms专题1名词(2)表示“家”、“店铺”等处所。如:在李雷家atLiLei's在药店atthechemist's在医生的诊所atthedoctor's(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”。如:我父亲的一本书abookofmyfather's我的一个朋友afriendofmine=oneofmyfriends专题1名词5名词数量修饰语1.修饰可数名词:many,few,afew以及数词2.修饰不可数名词:much,toomuch以及“数词+量词+不可数名词”3.既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词:some,lotsof,plentyof,alotof专题1名词6名词作定语1.用单数形式。如:anappletree,someshoestores2.用复数形式。如:aclothesshop,asportsmeeting3.man,woman作定语时,单数形式修饰单数形式,复数形式修饰复数形式。如:amandoctor,afewwomenteachers4.“数词+名词”作定语时,用单数形式,并用连字符连接数词和名词,表示时间、距离的定语还可以用复数形式所有格。如:atendays'holiday(相当于aten-dayholiday)专题1名词7名词转化为形容词1.在名词词尾加-y。如:wind—________;sun—________2.在名词词尾加形容词后缀-ful。如:wonder→wonderful;beauty→____________3.在名词词尾加-ly。如:friend→friendly4.在名词词尾加形容词后缀-less。如:care→careless;home→___________windysunnybeautifulhomeless专题1名词Ⅰ.单项选择1.[2013·河北]Jasonlikesthe________ofthecake.Itisaheart.A.colorB.sizeC.smellD.shape┃考点过关┃【答案】D专题1名词2.—Howmany________arethereinyourschool,Tom?—Two.A.JapaneseB.AmericanC.GermenD.Australian【答案】A专题1名词3.[2011·河北]Cicienjoysdancing.It'soneofher________.A.prizeB.prizesC.hobbyD.hobbies【答案】D专题1名词4.________roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.A.TomandSamB.Tom'sandSamC.TomandSam'sD.Tom'sandSam's【答案】C专题1名词5.—Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?—Yes.________,please.A.SomeorangesB.TwoboxesofchocolatesC.SomecakesD.Twobottlesoforange【答案】D专题1名词Ⅱ.根据句意及提示写出正确的单词1.We'vegotalotofnew_____________(杂志)inourschoollibrary.2.Howmany_________(小刀)doyouhave?3.Heisanoldfriendofmy_________(sister).4.Chinesearevery__________(friend)toeveryforeignerinChina.5.Wearegoingtohaveapicnicona______(sun)day.magazinesknivessister'sfriendlysunny专题1名词1.[2013·上海]Thestudentsdidn'tfindmuch_______aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.A.reportB.articleC.informationD.story┃语法专练┃【解析】Cmuch修饰不可数名词。故选C。专题1名词2.[2013·广安]—Whoseroomisthis?—It's________.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily'sC.Lucy'sandLily's【解析】B句中room是单数,说明是Lucy和Lily共同的房间。专题1名词3.Twelve________werehurt,butno________werelostinthataccident.A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life【答案】B专题1名词4.Therearemany________atthefootofthehill.A.cowB.horseC.sheepD.fish【答案】C专题1名词5.Theyarefrom________.They're________.A.Germany;GermansB.Germans;GermanyC.German;GermanyD.Germany;Germen【答案】A专题1名词6.[2013·黄冈]—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?—________,please.A.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwocupsofteaD.Twocupsofteas【解析】C“两杯茶”应该表示为“twocupsoftea”。专题1名词7.Lucyputalotof________in________oftea.A.sugar;thetwocupB.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocupsD.sugars;twocups【答案】C专题1名词8.[2013·安顺]Kateis________girl.She'sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen-years-old【答案】B专题1名词9.—CanIhelpyou,sir?—I'dliketohave100________.Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.A.pieceofpaperB.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapersD.piecespaper【解析】Bpaper作“纸”讲是不可数名词,没有复数形式,若表示其数量一般用“数词+piece(s)+of”短语表示。故选B。专题1名词10.Inourschool,therearefifty-five________.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher【答案】A专题1名词11.[2013·安顺]“________bookcaseisthis?”“Itmustbe________.”A.Who's;TomB.Who's;Tom'C.Whose;Tom'sD.Whose;Tom【解析】Cwho's是whois的缩写,who