(精品课件)Book3_Unit_3_语法:宾语从句和表语从句

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什么是名词性从句(NounClause)?在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。那么,名词性从句有哪些?MydreamisthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。ThatIcanenterakeyuniversityismydream.我能进入一所重点大学是我的梦想。IhaveadreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.我有一个梦想我能进入一所重点大学IalwaysdreamthatIcanenterakeyuniversity.我总是梦想着我能进入一所重点大学。SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)AppositiveClause(同位语从句)NounClauses名词性从句1.考查连接代词和连接副词的选择2.考查从句中的语序3.考查形式主语和形式宾语it的用法4.考查从句谓语动词形式(虚拟语气)从句不缺成分,只陈述that从句缺sth.what从句缺sb.(从句缺宾语/表语sb.)who;(whom)从句表示质疑,是否whether/if(宾语从句)其他情况(如,缺地点、时间、原因、方式等。)与一般疑问句的提问词一样where/when/why/how….连接代词/连接副词ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)Thisclass,wewilllearnthetownounclause:Whatisan?从句在复合句中充当宾语的名词性句子叫作宾语从句(一般位于及物动词后面的句子即是宾语从句)。ObjectClause(宾语从句)Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo.引导宾语从句的关联词有哪些?有三类:1、从属连词:that/weather/if,只起连接作用,在句中不充当任何成份;that无任何词义,而weather和if均表示“是否”,表示对从句内容的不确定性。2、连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever(在句中充当成分,并有一定词义。)3、连接副词:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften(在句中充当成分,并有一定词义。)(一)that:1.Ihear_______hewillbebackinanhour.2.Theteachertoldus______theearthmovesaroundthesun.3.Iknownothingabouthimexcept____heislivinginBeijing.1.Ithinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.2.Wefounditstrange____noonewouldtakethemoney.3.Shepromised_____shewouldcomeandseehim,and_____shewouldneverforgothim.(that)(that)thatthatthat注:that在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不能充当成分,在口语当中往往省略当that在except等介词之后时,不能省略。it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾(that)that由that引导的两个及两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个宾语从句的引导词可以省略,但其他的that不能省略1.Iwanttoknow__________hewillgototheparkwithus.2.Couldyoutellme__________MrLiliveshere?if(whether)if(whether)if/whether“是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,Can(Could)youtellme等后。3.I’mthinkingof________wecangofishing.4.Theyaskedme________togoskating.5.Idon’tknow_________ornothe’sfree.6._________thisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.whetherwhetherwhetherWhether只能用whether的情况:•在介词后面•在动词不定式todo前,只能用whether+todo•当与ornot连用时•当宾语从句放在句首时(二)if/weatherPracticetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher___________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow________togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.(他在哪里)6.Idon’tknow___________________________.whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheis由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。他们在等谁这个班谁的自行车最好我们什么时候开会我应该选哪件裙子whichskirtIshouldchoose谁能回答这个问题★TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea________?A.whereisthepartytobeheldB.wherethepartyistobeheld宾语从句的语序必须是________________。语序陈述语序主句+连接词+从句(主+谓+其他成分)What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?注:当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变:eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做表语虚拟语气:在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”Hesuggestedthatwe(should)getdowntodoingtheprojectimmediately.宾语从句时态:宾语从句的时态:当主句为一般现在时,从句可以灵活使用各种时态;当主句为一般过去时,从句只能使用相应的过去时态;但如果从句表达客观真理时,从句时态仍然用一般现在时。1、Ithinkthatitwillraintomorrow.2、Shetoldusthatshehadborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.3、Thefathertoldhissonthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.Whatisan?从句在复合句中充当表语的名词性句子叫作表语从句(一般位于系动词(be,look,smell,sound,taste,fell,become,come,grow等)后面的句子即是表语从句)。PredicativeClause(表语从句)1、Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2、Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.引导宾语从句的关联词有哪些?由从属连词that引导的表语从句由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when,because引导的表语从句由从属连词whether引导的表语从句由从属连词asif/asthough引导的表语从句表语从句引导词:表语从句系动词后面1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2.ThequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.实际情况是他从未去过农村that在表语从句中一般不省略表语从句只用whether问题在于我们能否在星期五之前完成这项实验.好象看上去要下雨似的.(其实不会)asif/asthough从句常表示不真实的情况,常用虚拟语气。because,why引导的表语从句那是因为他不理解我。That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.那就是他不理解我的原因。That'swhyhedidn’tunderstandme.Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied.thatThat‘sbecause…强调原因That'swhy…强调结果Thereasonwhy…/for…is/wasthat….(、、的原因就是、、、)Thereasonisthat……(原因就是、、、)注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法1.Thisis_______LuXunoncelived.2.Thatwas_____theywonthematch.3.Thisis______shegotupsoearlythismorning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.Thisiswhere…Thisiswhy…Thisishow….这就是…的地方这就是…的原因这就是…的方法wherehowwhy虚拟语气:主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion,advice,order,request,plan)等的名词,那么表语从句要用虚拟语气,即shuold后加动词原形,should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthat(should)goandhelphim.考点1.连接词:that与what的区别Hesaidthathemissedusverymuch.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Hedrovehiscaratwhatwasadangerousspeed.that只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。高考链接—We’veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthatdo?—No,____Iamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandstronger.(2012·上海)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichC考点2.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