直接引语变间接引语

直接引语变间接引语面面观主讲人：王晓飞一、如何变人称：口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.1)一般现在时→一般过去时态；2)一般将来时→过去将来时Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.Tomsaid,“Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballthenextday.Shesaid:“Iamastudent.”→Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。Theteachersaid“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesunearth.3)现在进行时→过去进行时；Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewasreadingabook.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”→JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.③直接引语中有具体的表示过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.④直接引语如果是一般现在时且表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式的形式时，时态不变（例:could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”⑥如果直接引语中的情态动词已经是过去式的形式时，时态不变(例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)Petersaid,“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三.如何变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词：时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore,today变为thatday…Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，here变there动词，尤其表示方向性的，come改为goTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”例：this改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“→Hesaidthatbookwashis.四、如何变句型：1.陈述句的间接引语直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。口语中that常省略。“Iwanttheblueone.”hetoldus.Hetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.Shesaidtome,“Youcan’tplaybasketballnow.”→ShetoldmethatIcouldn’tplaybasketballthen.2.疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask,wanttoknow。间接疑问句一般有三种：(1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether或if引导。(whether,if意思是“是否”)例:“Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital?”Theoldmanasked.那个老人问:“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Doyougotoschoolbybus?”→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybus.(2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。如:“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”Heasked.→HeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheasked.→Sheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthefilm.(3)选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether/if…or引导。如：“IsityourbikeorTom’s?Mumasked.妈妈问:“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”→Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。“Doesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones?”Kateasked.“你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的?”凯特问。→Kateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedbluedressesorgreenones.凯特问我的妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的。3.祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。也就是把它们改成:tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth.的句型。如:Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,Mary.”杰克说:“玛丽,明天请到我家来。”→JackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老师对学生们说:“不要讲话了。”→Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.老师叫学生们不要说话了。“Don’ttouchanything.”Hesaid.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。→Hetoldusnottotouchanything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。“Don'tmakeanynoise,”theteachersaidtothestudents.→Shetold(ordered命令)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,”shesaidtohim.→Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.注意:直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用:“suggest(建议)+动名词(v-ing)/从句”如：Hesaid,“Let'sgotothemovies.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.