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英语中的句法陈述句一般疑问句按用途分--疑问句--特殊疑问句•祈使句反义疑问句•感叹句选择疑问句句子的分类--主语从句•宾语从句•名词性从句-表语从句•简单句同位语从句•并列句定语从句-限定性定语从句•按结构分--非限定性定语从从句•复合句--•让步状语从句目的状语从句地点状语从句状语从句-时间状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句条件状语从句比较状语从句简单句定义：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。E.g.Igetupatsixinthemorning.MymotherandIoftengoshopping.Wehelpandlearnfromeachother.并列句定义：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句。（有时也可以用分号连接）1.表示并列关系的连词：and,so(也……),neither/nor(也不……),besides(而且),etc.Marycanswim,socanI.Shedoesn’tlikemath,neither/nordoI.Itislate,besides,I’mtootiredtogoout.2.表示转折关系的连词：but,however,yet,while(表示对比),etc.Sheworkedhard,yetshestillfailed.Tomlikescoffee,whileIprefertea.3.表示选择关系的连词：or,otherwise,orelse,etc.Hurryup,orelseyou’llmissthetrain.复合句•复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。•主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句，如作主语的就叫主语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作表语的就叫表语从句，作定语的叫定语从句，作状语的就叫状语从句TheObjectClause宾语从句一：基本定义在主句中用一个句子来代替宾语的位置，该从句叫宾语从句。WeknowLiNa.主谓宾WeknowthatLiNaplaystennisverywell.主谓引导词宾语从句主谓宾状Hetellsmeastory.主谓间宾直宾HetellsmethatLiNaplaystennisverywell.主谓间宾引导词宾语从句作主句的直宾主谓宾状二：宾语从句的引导词(连接词)：1.That引导陈述句,无意义,可以省略。Heisateacher.Iknow(that)heisateacher.zxxkwHewillcomebackinamonth.Ihear(that)hewillcomebackinamonth.HeisgoingtoBeijing.Hetoldus(that)hewasgoingtoBeijing.2.If/whether:引导一般疑问句,“是否”。Idon’tknow,---Isheournewteacher?Idon’tknowif/whetherheisournewteacher.Sheasked,----Diditrainlastnight?Sheaskedif/whetheritrainedlastnight.Iamnotsure,willhecometonight?Iamnotsureif/whetherhewillcometonight.3.连接词what,who,when,how,where,why等引导特殊疑问句。MrLindoesn’tknow,whydoeshecomeslate?Letmeshowyou,Howdoesitwork?组卷网Canyoutellme?whoistheheadteacher?MrLindoesn’tknowwhyhecomeslate.Letmeshowyouhowitworks.Canyoutellmewhoistheheadteacher?三：宾语从句的语序(陈述语序)：主句+连接词+主语+谓语……宾语从句1Myfatherwillbebacksoon.Iknowthat2WhoisJimwaitingfor?Iknowwho3CanLilycarrythebasket?Iknowwhether/if4Whattimewillthetrainleave?Iknowwhattimemyfatherwillbebacksoon.Jimiswaitingfor.Lilycancarrythebasket.thetrainwillleave.四：宾语从句的时态：1.当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际来判断。HesaysIamagoodfriend.heisn’tfeelingwellnow.hecamebacklastnight.2.当主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应用过去的某个时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时）。HetoldmehewouldleaveChongqingsoon.Hewantedtoknowwhattheyweretalkingabout.Ibelievedthatnoonewasright.Ithought(that)youarefreetoday.（╳）*如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，那么不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusyesterdaythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeveryday.Iwassurethatlighttravelsataspeedof300,000kilometerspersecond.四：宾语从句的变化步骤：1.确定引导词—根据原句的类型2.调整语序3.变化时态—看主句Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?（╳）Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?（√）Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.（思考:what在从句中的成分）陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”→Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。“Wherearethetickets?”Iaskedhim.→Iaskedhimwheretheticketsare.五：宾语从句的几个注意点。*If和whether的区别。3.在介词后只能用whether不能用if.Heistryingtofindoutwhetherthemedicineworks2.Whether后能加todo,if不行。Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoworkorplay.1.Whether后能跟ornot,if不行。I’dliketoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.宾语从句和状语从句的区分:1)Iwillgoouttomorrowifitisfine.2)Idon‘tknowifthetrainhasarrived.(状)(宾)3)Idon’tknowifhe________(come)ifit________(rain)tomorrow.willcomerains*由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句：可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。1）Idon'tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.--Idon'tknowhowtodowiththepresents.3)Thequestioniswhenweshallstart.=Thequestioniswhentostart.2)Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.→Idon’tknowwhattodonext.请完成以下宾语从句。1.Theticketsareinmypocket.Themansaid.Themansaid___________________2.IhavejoinedtheLeague.Hesaid.Hesaid________________________3.Theearthgoesroundthesun.Ourteachertoldus.Ourteachertoldus________________________________________theticketswereinmypocket.thathehadjoinedtheLeague.theearthgoesroundthesun4.HaveyouheardofanythingaboutMei?Themanaskedus.Themanaskedus___________________________________________5.Canyouswim?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme_________________6.Howcanwedotheworkwell?Ialwaysthinkof.Ialwaysthinkof________________________________If/whetherweHadheardofanythingaboutMei.If/whetheryoucanswim.howwecandotheworkwellHeaskedme_________________8.WheredidyoumeetMrGreen?Iwantedtoknow.Iwantedtoknow_______________9.Whataretheydrawing?Doyouknow?Iwantedtoknow___________________whereyoumetMrGreen.whattheyweredrawing.7.Whendoyougotobed?Heaskedme.whenIwenttobed.Saythesentencesrightorwrong?1.Isaythattakingcareoftheenvironmentisimportant.2.IsaidthatIgotoschoolbybike.3.Itoldhimthatalotoffishhavealreadydied.4.Hesaidthathewillreturnthenextweek.5.MrSmiththoughtthatthetrainislikeabigmovingparty.6.Shethinksthatshehadwonthematch.R根据汉语提示，完成句子。1.Hesays___________________________________.(我爸爸三天后回来）2.Ourteacherasks___________________________.(昨天谁打碎了玻璃）3.Pleasetellme_________________________.(他们正在谈论什么）thathisfatherwillbebackinthreedayswhobrokethewindowyesterdaywhattheyaretalkingaboutWhattheyare一、将下列各句变成宾语从句1.Whocancatchthebird?Sheasked…2.Didtheystayuptoolatelastnight?Shewouldliketoknow…3.Youhavepassedtheexam.Heisglad…4.Doessheworkhardatschool?Hermotherwantedtoknow…5.Whenwillshecomeback?Iknow…6.Hesaid“Ihadleftmybookinmyroom.”7.Iaskedhim“Issheill?”8.Shesaidtome“Wheredoyoucomefrom?”一、用