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Unit10AttributiveClausesI.AComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseSentenceStructures汉语的基本结构和英语语言基本结构的区别汉语结构:主谓状宾(所有定语都前置).比如:我在家早晨6点起床。在此结构中,我(主)在家早晨6点(地点,时间状语)起床(谓).英语结构:主谓宾状(所有定语根据不同情况:前置与后置).比如:我在家早晨6点起床.在此结构中,还原成英语的语言顺序:我(主)起床(谓).在家早晨6点(地点,时间状语)。那么再翻译出来就简单多了:Igetupat6o’clockinthemorningathome.1.Thisisthecat.这就是那只猫。2.Hisisthecatthatkilledtherat.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。3.Hisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake.这就是那只捕杀了偷吃蛋糕的老鼠的猫。4.Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.*就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。5.HisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老的猫。3.Hisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecake.原译：这就是那只捕杀了偷吃蛋糕的老鼠的猫。改译：这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。4.Thisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehouse.原译：就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。改译：这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。5.HisisthecatthatkilledtheratthatatethecakethatwasputinthehousethatJackbuilt.原译：这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老的猫。改译：这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里瞧的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。II.RestrictiveAttributiveClauses1.Combinatione.g.Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。e.g.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。2．Divisione.g.Theyarestrivingfortheideal①whichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseand②forwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，①这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，②在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。e.g.Newtoninventedapaperlanternilluminatedbyacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermornings.牛顿发明一只点烛的纸灯笼，在昏暗朦胧的冬天早晨上学时带着灯笼照路。•Sometimes,however,wemaytranslatearestrictiveattributiveclausewithoutrepeatingtheantecedent.e.g.Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlycreased.他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后己迅速提高了生产。3．Mixture•BymixtureherewemeancombiningtheprincipalclauseandtheattributiveclauseintoasingleChinesesentencewithoutanydistinction.ThismethodisusuallyadoptedintranslatingEnglish“therebe...“structure.e.g.Hereweremeninthatcrowdwhohadstoodthereeverydayforamonth.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。e.g.Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou.楼下有人要见你。III-Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauses•Non-restrictiveattributiveclausesarecharacterizedbyacommabetweentheprincipalandtheattributiveclause.Incomparisonwithrestrictiveattributiveclauses,non-restrictiveattributiveclausesholdalooserelationshipwiththeantecedents,functioningasasupplementarypartinthesentence.Intermsoftranslationtechniques,thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthesetwokindsofattributiveclauses.However,themethodofdivisionisadoptedmorefrequentlyintranslatingnon-restrictiveattributiveclausesthanintranslatingrestrictiveattributiveclauses,whilethemethodofcombinationisjusttheotherwayaround.1.DivisionSeveralmethodsofdivisionareadoptedinthetranslationofnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.(1)TranslatingintoCompoundSentencesbyRepeatingtheAntecedentsWorkinPairs:①ItoldthestorytoJohn，whotoldittohisbrother.②Thisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.Keys:①ItoldthestorytoJohn，whotoldittohisbrother.我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的兄弟。②Thisisacollegeofscienceandtechnology,thestudentsofwhicharetrainedtobeengineersorscientists.这是一所科技大学，该校学生将被培养成工程或科学工作者。1.Division（2)TranslatingintoCompoundSentencesbyOmittingtheAntecedentse.g.Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。(3)TranslatingintoindependentSentencese.g.Onetimetherewasaviolentthunderstorm,theworstIhadeverseen,whichobscuredmyobjective.有一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实为我平生所仅见。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。2.Combinatione.g.Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor.整天躲云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。e.g.Helikedhissister,whowaswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother，whowasaloofandarrogant.他喜欢热情洋溢的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。IV.AttributiveClausesFunctioningasAdverbials.WorkinPairs:1.Youmustgrasptheconceptof“work”whichisveryimportantinphysics.2.Copper,whichisusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity,offersverylittleresistance.3.Thescientist,whowasdog-tired,wentonwiththeexperiment.4.Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.5.Theyhavebuiltupanewcollegehere,wherestudentswillbetrainedtobeengineersandscientists.Keys:1.Youmustgrasptheconceptof“work”whichisveryimportantinphysics.你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。(原因)2.Copper,whichisusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity,offersverylittleresistance.铜的电阻很小，所以被广泛地用来传输电。（结果）3.Thescientist,whowasdog-tired,wentonwiththeexperiment.那位科学家已筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。（让步）4.Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。（条件）5.Theyhavebuiltupanewcollegehere,wherestudentswillbetrainedtobeengineersandscientists.他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养工程师和科学家。（目的）II.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontotheattributiveclausesWorkinPairs:1.Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisitor.2.Latel9thcenturysawalltheuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesadoptthecreditsystem,whichbenefitedstudentsagreatdeal.3.Eachdaywemakechoicesthataffectourlivesandsometimesthelivesofothers.Keys:1.Americanshaveagreatrangeofcustomsandhabitsthatatfirstmayseempuzzlingtoavisitor.译文:美国人的许多风俗习