培训资料：IntroductiontoMinitab

SFFP2000,GingerHolmesRowell,Ph.D.IntroductiontoMinitabOVERVIEWInthislab,youwillbecomefamiliarwiththegeneralfeaturesofMinitabstatisticalanalysissoftware,aswellassomespecializedfeaturesforconductingintroductorystatisticalanalysisandgraphing.Theskillslearnedinthislaboratorywillbeimportantforfuturelaboratoryactivities.OBJECTIVESBytheendofthelaboratory,youwillbeableto•EnterdatainMinitab.•OpenandsavebothProjectsandWorksheets.•UseMinitab’spulldownmenusandthesubmenus.•Calculatewithcolumnsofdata.•UseMinitabtocalculatedescriptivestatistics.•Drawhistograms,boxplots,andscatterplots.EQUIPMENT•PCwithMinitab•ComputerdiskettetosavefilesBACKGROUNDMATERIALMinitabisastatisticalanalysissoftware.Itcanbeusedforlearningaboutstatisticsaswellasstatisticalresearch.Statisticalanalysiscomputerapplicationshavetheadvantageofbeingaccurate,reliable,andgenerallyfasterthancomputingstatisticsanddrawinggraphsbyhand.Minitabisrelativelyeasytouseonceyouknowafewfundamentals.2SFFP2000,GingerHolmesRowell,Ph.D.MinitabLessonNote:Thecomputericon,!,indicatesyouwillneedtocompletetheproceduresonthecomputer.Thebookicon,,indicatesthatyouwillneedtoreadtheinformation.OPENINGMINITABINWINDOW95,98ORNT!OpenMinitabfollowingthestepsbelow.•ClicktheStartbuttoninthebottomlefthandcornerofthescreen.•SelectProgramsMinitabforWindowsMinitab(orMinitab12Student).•Minitabwillopen.GENERALLAYOUTWhenyoufirstopenMinitab,youwillseetwowindows,aSessionwindowandaWorksheetwindow.•SessionWindow:Theareathatdisplaysthestatisticalresultsofyourdataanalysis.(Alsousedtoentercommandsandmacros.)•WorksheetWindow:Agridofrowsandcolumnsusedtoenterandmanipulatethedata.Note:Thisarealookslikeaspreadsheet,butwillnotautomaticallyupdatethecolumnswhenentriesarechanged.Otherwindowsinclude•GraphWindow:Whenyougenerategraphs,eachgraphisopenedinitsownwindow.•Version13,ReportWindow:Version13hasareportmanagerthathelpsyoutoorganizeyourresultsinareport.•OtherWindows:HistoryandProjectManagerareotherwindows.SeeMinitabhelpformoreinformationontheseifneeded.!!!!3SFFP2000,GingerHolmesRowell,Ph.D.DATATYPES•Numerical:NumericaldataistheonlytypeMinitabwilluseforstatisticalcalculations.Numericaldataisalignedontherightsideofthecolumn.Minitabwillnotrecognizenumberswithcommasasnumbers,butastext.•Text:Textcannotbeusedforcomputations.Though“text”generallymeanswordsorcharacters,numberscanbeclassifiedastext.Ifcolumn1hastextinit,thecolumnlabelwillchangefromC1toC1-T.Datatypescanbechanged.SeethedetailsinDataManipulations,below.•Date/Time:Minitabrecognizes3/5/00asadate,butwillstorethisinternallyasanumbersoyoucanmanipulateit.ThecolumnlabelwillindicateadatebyC1-DandatimebyC1-T.ENTERINGDATAYoucanenteryourdatagoingdownoracross.InthetopleftcorneroftheWorksheetwindow,thereisacellwithanarrowinit.ClickthiscelltochangetheactionoftheEnterkey.•Ifthearrowispointingdown,thenwhenyoupressEnter,thecursorwillgodownthecolumn.•Ifthearrowispointingtotheright,thenwhenyoupressEnter,thecursorwillgoacrosstherow,tothenextcolumn.!Enterthedatafromthescenariobelow.ScenarioAnindividualtookmeasurementsofthetemperatureandtheamountofwaters/heconsumedduringathree-hourperiodoutside.Thedatawascollectedforsevenrandomdaysduringthesummer.Temperature(F)WaterConsumption(ounces)75168320852585274SFFP2000,GingerHolmesRowell,Ph.D.923297489948Enteringdataisreallytwosteps:Enteringthecolumnheadingsandthenenteringthedataitself.1.Enterthecolumnheadings.ColumnheadingsmustbeenteredaboveRow1•Enter“Temperature(F)”inthefirstcellinColumn1.*ThefirstcellisaboveRow1.•Enter“WaterConsumption(ounces)”infirstcellinColumn2.*ThefirstcellisaboveRow2.Enterthedata.Enterthecorrespondingtemperaturesandwaterconsumptionintheappropriatecolumnasshown.Donotchangetheorderoftheitems.Makesuretheitemswereenteredasnumbersnottext.Usually,itisbesttotaketimetothinkabouthowyouwillbeanalyzingthedatabeforeyouenterit.Thatcansavetroublelater.However,ifyourdataisnotenteredinthebestformatthefirsttime,youcanmanipulateitandmaynothavetore-enterit.MANIPULATINGDATAMinitabcanchangedatatypeswithinlimits.Youcannotchangeacolumnthatcontainspeople’snamestonumericvalues,butifyouhaveacolumnofnumbersthataccidentallywasenteredastext,youcanchangethosetonumericvalues.Minitabmakesthefollowingtypesoftransformations.5SFFP2000,GingerHolmesRowell,Ph.D.TomakethesechangesinMinitab,fromthemainmenuselectMANIPCHANGEDATATYPE.Thenselecttheoptionthatyouwant,andfillinthedialogbox.!Checktomakesurethatthetemperature/waterdatahasbeenenteredasnumbers.Ifnot,changethedatatonumericusingtheMANIPCHANGEDATATYPEmenu.CALCULATINGWITHDATAYoucanaddcolumnstogether,calculatethesumofacolumnoreachrow,orconvertacolumntotheirZ-scores.TheseandothercalculationscanbecompletedunderthemainmenuitemofCALC.!Assumethatthedatacollectorforthetemperature/waterexamplelearnedthatthethermometerthatwasusedgaveincorrectreadings.Infact,thethermometerreadthetemperaturetendegreestoolow.Therefore,wewanttocreateacolumncalled“Tempplus10”andhaveMinitabaddtendegreestothetemperatureincolumnC1.1.Labelcolumn3as“Tempplus10.”2.SelectCALCCALCULATE.3.IntheStoreresultinvariablebox,selectC3(Tempplus1