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初中英语常见的前缀和后缀常见的否定前缀前缀意义例词un-不，未(=not)unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反动作uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定表示相反dishonest,disappear,disagreedislike,disbelievemis-表示错、误mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding误解前缀意义例词a-1.在…上/里2.去（to）asleep,along,aloud,alive,across,abroad在国外,aboard在船/火车/飞机上com-,con-,cor-,col-共同，和comment,collect,co-联合、共同co-worker,coexistre-1.再一次，重新2.回，返renew,reborn,rebuild,reappear,returnfore-时间或位置的“在前面”(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell预言,foreknow预卜pre-在前、事先、预先(before)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistory前缀意义例词post-时间和顺序的“在后边”(=after)post-war,postgraduateinter-互相(=between,among)interactinternationalmulti-多，多种multinationalmulti-culturalmid-中间(=middle)midday,midnighttele-远television,telegramde-1.否定;2.下;3.强调defeat,decode,decreaseen-使enable,encouragesuper-超级、在之上superpower,superhero前缀意义例词sub-下面的；次subway,subtitlesemi-半semi-final,semiconductor(半导体）vice-副vice-premier,vice-chairmanuni-单uniformbi-双bicyclemulti-多multinationalauto-自动，自主Automobile汽车,automation(自动化）anti-反、防anti-tank,anti-socialex-前ex-president,ex-wifetrans-跨越;移transport,translate写出下面单词的前缀•important重要的→___important不重要的•appear出现→____appear消失•correct正确的→___correct不正确的•lead带领→___lead领错•__lone单独的___gas防毒气的•___chart自动图表___operate合作•__joy使高兴___net互联网•___way地铁___phone电话•___use再用找出课文中还有所学词缀的单词说出下列前缀的意思•sub-•com-•pre-•mis-•im-•un-•tele-•re-•en-•uni-•trans-•a-•dis-•inter-•multi-•fore-•post-后缀意义例词表示人-er从事…职业的人teacher,worker,learner-or与-er同义visitor,educator,translator-eer从事于...的人engineer,volunteer,mountaineer-ess女...的actress,waitress,hostess-ian...(专)家/..工作者politician,musician-ist从事...职业/文艺/学术的人artist,socialist,physicist表示物-er从事某工作的物washer,cooker-or从事某工作的物conductor导体表示人和物的名词后缀前缀意义例词-ing状态feeling，reading-ion/-tion/-sion动作；过程action,decision,pollution,pronunciation-ment性质；状态development，government-ness性质；状态happiness，sadness，illness-ure状态failure，pleasure-th性质,状态growth,length,wealth,truth其他名词后缀后缀意义例词-(a)ble可/能…的valuable,horrible,-al有...性质的natural,technical,actual-ic,-ical...性质的，与...有关的musical,basic,scientific-ant,-ent...的important,pleasant,excellent-ish稍带...的/...语的childish,English,Spanish-ive有...倾向的/性质的active,expensive-ful充满...的thankful,powerful,tearful-less表示否定homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充满...的，有...特征dangerous,famous,nervous-y有/多...的，想...的cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有...的，有...特征的tired,interested,learned博学-en由...构(制)成的wooden,woolen-ern...方向的eastern,western,southern-ly有...性质的，...形状的yearly,daily,orderly,lively形容词后缀•differ不同于→differ_____不同的•write写→write___作家•Japan日本→Japan_____日本人•act表演→act____女演员•mouth口→mouth____一口•music音乐→music_____音乐家entreseressfulian•nature自然→natur___自然的•reason道理→reason____有道理的•gold金子→gold___金的•east东→east_____东方的•child孩子→child_____孩子气的•snow雪→snow___雪的alableenernishy•用所给单词的适当形式填空。•1.Marywasvery______atthenews,soshelooked______atherhusband,hereyesfullof________(sad).•2.He________footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)•3.Look!How________Kateislaughing!Sheseemstobethe______girlintheworld(happy).•4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany_________.(invent)•5.Lucyalwayscaresaboutherpersonal__________.Shehas__________inover60movies.(appear)•6.Youareso_______tohelpme.Thankyouforyour________.(kindly)sadsadlysadnessplayedplayershappilyhappiestinventorinventionsappearedappearancekindkindness说出下列后缀的意思•-eer•-ian•-ess•-ist•-ish•-tion•-ness•-ure•-less•-ful•-ern•-ous•-able•-en•-ical后缀用法及意义例词-ly加在形容词之后表示某种状态cheerfully,simply,excitedly表示程度completely表示时间recently表示次序firstly,secondly-ward-wards加在名词或副词后，表示“向......地”forward,backward,upward,downward,towards,northward副词后缀意义例词-ate使成为，成为...educate,translate,calculate-en变为，使有darken,weaken,deepen,sharpen,frighten-fy使成为，使...化beautify,satisfy-ize-ize变成，...化modernize,realize,动词后缀意义例词-teen十几thirteen-ty几十twenty-th构成序数词fifth数词后缀•wide宽的→wide___加宽•beauty美→beaut_____美化•real现实的→real____意识到•organ机关,器官→organ_____组织•angry生气的→angr_____生气地•to到→to______朝……，向……•six→six______十六→six_______第十六•four→f_____四十→f______第四十nifyizeizeilywardsteenteenthortyortieth分类构成例词形容词后缀-able有某种能力的comfortable，unforgettable-al有某种特征的natural，traditional-an某国或洲人的American，African-ed有能力的talented，balanced-en某种材料的golden，wooden-ese某国人的Chinese，Japanese-ful有某种特征的beautiful，hopeful，useful-less表示否定careless，endless，useless-ous有某种特征的nervous，dangerous-y表示天气或特征dirty，rainy-ly有某种特征的friendly-ive有某种特征的active，expensive-agemarriage,luggage,postage邮费-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-itymajority,opportunity,-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance,-domkingdom,wisdom,freedom-ydifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval,-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,兄弟情谊，-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-erybravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery抽象名词和集体名词的后缀1.前缀加前缀一般不改变词类，而只是改变原词的词义。分类构成例词构成反义词的前缀dis-disagree，disappear，dislikeim-impolite，impossible