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•A6-year-oldHIV-positiveboyhaslivedinaremotemountainvillage,cutofffromhumanitywithonlyahenforcompany.NewsfromChinaDaily:AIDScarriersareisolatedNewsfromChinaDaily:AIDScarriersstillfacejobdiscriminationInChina89.47percentofHIV-infectedpeoplehavelosttheirjobsbecauseoftheirhealthcondition.“Youbroughtshameonourfamily.”Discriminationinmedicaltreatment,esp.insurgeryDiscriminationinbuyinginsuranceGettoknowAIDSUnit54DealingwithAIDSPre-readingActivityUnit54•AIDSstandsforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeAcquiredmeansyoucangetinfectedwithitImmuneDeficiencymeansaweaknessinthebody'ssystemthatfightsdiseases.Syndromemeansagroupofhealthproblemsthatmakeupadisease.Unit541.Whatdotheletters“AIDS“standfor?A=AcquiredAddictedAwfulI=InsaneInfectionImmuneD=DiseaseDeficiencyDisabledS=SyndromeSymbolSicknessUnit54WhatisAIDSAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome获得性免疫缺陷综合症•Itisacomplicatedandfatalillness.•Itwilldestroypeople’simmunesystem.•Ahighrateofdeath;•NocuretillnowUnit54AIDSiscausedbyaviruscalledHIV,theHumanImmunodeficiency（免疫缺陷）Virus.HIVisavirusthatattacksthebody’simmunesystem--thebody’sdefenseagainstdiseases.IfyougetinfectedwithHIV,yourbodywilltrytofighttheinfection.Itwillmake“antibodies”,specialmoleculesthataresupposedtofightHIV.Unit54•WhenyougetabloodtestforHIV,thetestlooksfortheseantibodies.Ifyouhavetheminyourblood,itmeansthatyouhaveHIVinfection.PeoplewhohavetheHIVantibodiesarecalledHIV-Positive.•ApersoninfectedwithHIVmaynothavesymptomstostartwith,buteventuallywithouteffectivetreatmenttheimmunesystemwillbecomeveryweakandtheywillnolongerbeabletofightoffillnesses.Unit54•No.WhensomeoneisdescribedasHIVpositive,theyhavetheHIVvirusintheirbody.ApersonisconsideredtohavedevelopedAIDSwhentheimmunesystemissoweakitcannolongerfightoffarangeofdiseaseswithwhichitwouldnormallycope.Unit54WHATAREOPPORTUNISTICINFECTIONS?•Inourbodies,wecarrymanygerms-bacteria,protozoa,fungi（真菌）,andviruses.Whenourimmunesystemisworking,itcontrolsthesegerms.ButwhentheimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIVdiseaseorbysomemedications,thesegermscangetoutofcontrolandcausehealthproblems.•Infectionsthattakeadvantageofweaknessintheimmunedefensesarecalled“opportunistic（投机）”.ThephraseopportunisticinfectionisoftenshortenedtoOI.Unit54HowlongdoesittakeforHIVtocauseAIDS?•Currently,theaveragetimebetweenHIVinfectionandtheappearanceofsignsthatcouldleadtoanAIDSdiagnosisis8-11years.Thistimevariesgreatlyfrompersontopersonandcandependonmanyfactorsincludingaperson'shealthstatusandbehaviors.TodaytherearemedicaltreatmentsthatcanslowdowntherateatwhichHIVweakenstheimmunesystem.ThereareothertreatmentsthatcanpreventorcuresomeoftheillnessesassociatedwithAIDS.Aswithotherdiseases,earlydetectionoffersmoreoptionsfortreatmentandpreventativehealthcare.Unit54•YoumightnotknowifyougetinfectedbyHIV.Somepeoplegetfever,headache,soremusclesandjoints,stomachache,swollenlymph（淋巴）glands,oraskinrash（疹子）foroneortwoweeks.Mostpeoplethinkit'stheflu.Somepeoplehavenosymptoms.Unit54•No,buttreatmentcankeepthevirusundercontrolandtheimmunesystemhealthy.PeopleonHIVtreatmentcanliveahealthy,activelife,althoughtheymayexperiencesideeffectsfromthetreatment.IfHIVisdiagnosedlate,treatmentmaybelesseffectiveinpreventingAIDS.Unit54•PeoplelivingwithHIVmayfindithardtotellothersabouttheirconditionastheyworrythatpeoplewillrejectthem,ortheywillexperienceprejudicefromfriends,familyandcolleagues.PeoplelivingwithHIVcanalsoexperiencediscriminationintheirworkplace,inhealthcaresettingsfrommembersoftheirlocalcommunityandthroughthemedia.•HIVprejudiceisoftentheresultofignoranceabouthowHIVispassedonandunfoundedfearofbecominginfected.EncouragingthosearoundustotalkaboutHIVandfindoutthefactscanhelpovercomethis.Unit54•HIVcanbepassedonthroughinfectedblood,semen(精液),vaginal(阴道)fluidsorbreastmilk.ThemostcommonwaysHIVispassedonare:•Sexwithoutacondom(安全套)withsomeonelivingwithHIV•Sharinginfectedneedles,syringes(针筒)orotherinjectingdrugequipment•FromanHIV-positivemother(toherchild)duringpregnancy,childbirthorbreastfeedingUnit54HOWDOPEOPLEGETAIDS?•Youdon'tactuallygetAIDS.YoumightgetinfectedwithHIV,andlateryoumightdevelopAIDS.YoucangetinfectedwithHIVfromanyonewho'sinfected,eveniftheydon'tlooksick,andeveniftheyhaven'ttestedHIV-positiveyet.Theblood,vaginalfluid,semen,andbreastmilkofpeopleinfectedwithHIVhasenoughofthevirusinittoinfectotherpeople.MostpeoplegettheHIVvirusby:Unit54•GettingatransfusionofinfectedbloodusedtobeawaypeoplegotAIDS,butnowthebloodsupplyisscreenedverycarefullyandtheriskisextremelylow.•TherearenodocumentedcasesofHIVbeingtransmittedbytearsorsaliva（唾液）,butitispossibletobeinfectedwithHIVthroughoralsexorinrarecasesthroughdeepkissing,especiallyifyouhaveopensoresinyourmouthorbleedinggums.Unit54•No.HIVcannotbepassedonthrough:•Kissingortouching•Spitting,coughingorsneezing•Toiletseats,swimmingpools,orsharedfacilitiesorutensilsUnit54•Yes.HIVcanbepassedfrommothertochild,buttherearestepsthatcanbetakentoreducethepossibilityofthechildcontractingHIVtolessthanonepercent,includinggivingthemotherandchildantiretroviralHIVdrugs,deliveringthechildbyCaesarean(剖腹产)andnotbreastfeed