FMEA失误模式和效果分析(1)

F.M.E.A.-Failuremodeandeffectanalysis-失误模式和效果分析Aeffectivetoolleadtoeverything一个有效的工具，百搭F.M.E.A.Origin来源:Middle60’sAircraft/spaceindustry飞机航天工业•Reliability可靠性Lateron后来:Later70’sCarindustry汽车工业•Reliability可靠性•Safety安全性Carindustrysuppliers汽车零件供应商•Componentsquality零件质量Early80’ssemiconductorindustryF.M.E.A.Thephilosophybehindit(1):FMEA背后的理念DOITRIGHTTHEFIRSTTIME第一次就做好F.M.E.A.Avoid避免:TRIALANDERROR尝试和失误Makeuseofasystematicmethodforimprovement用系统的方法做改进Thephilosophybehindit(2):FMEA背后的理念F.M.E.A.FAILUREPREVENTIONTHROUGHTEAMWORK通过团队合作预防失败Oncewehavesamevision,wehavealreadyachievedhalfofsuccess一旦拥有共识，事情已成功一半Thephilosophybehindit(3):FMEA背后的理念F.M.E.A.ConceptDesignProcessTimeResourceforproblemsolving工作量纸面Paper硬件MaterialFMEATraditionalF.M.E.A.5StepofF.M.E.A.Process5步法1.Whatarethegoalorfunctionoftheactivity?待分析的活动的目标或功能是什么？2.Howdoesitoperate?如何运做以达到目标的？3.Whatcangowrongwithrespecttothegoal?针对目标，会发生什么问题？4.Whataretheweakestpoints(riskevaluation)?哪个是最弱点(风险评估）？5.Whataretheactionplan?制定行动计划F.M.E.A.Format表格FMEAActivity:FailureModeCauseEffectRiskActionResponsibleWhatproblemcouldhappenWhydoesithappen?ResultofproblemRiskWhatdowehavetodo?WhotakescarePSRForlast3step,wecanusethefollowingFMEAformat最后3步，可以填写下列FMEA表格F.M.E.A.Step1Whatarethegoalorfunctionoftheactivity?待分析的活动的目标或功能是什么？•Definethegoaloftheprocessorsolutionasdetailedaspossible明确过程或方案的目的,越详细越好F.M.E.A.Howdoesitoperate?如何运做以达到目标的？Step2•Describeindetailhowtoachievethegoalstepbystep,likeprocessflow,newproductconcept,newplan,etc.详细描述是如何一步一步达到目的的，例如新的流程，新的产品概念，计划等。F.M.E.A.Step3Whatcangowrongwithrespecttothegoal?针对目标，会发生什么问题？•Everypeopleraisethequestionswhatcangowrongbybrainstormingduringmeeting针对目的，在会议上用头脑风暴法，指出可能出错的地方F.M.E.A.Step4Whataretheweakestpoints(riskevaluation)?哪个是最弱点？Risk风险=Probability概率*Severity严重性Probabilityandseveritycanbescored1,2,3orL,M,H概率和严重性可以用1，2，3或高中低打分F.M.E.A.Step5Whataretheactionplanforhighestrisk?针对高风险，制定行动计划PreventiveactionifprobabilityishighCorrectiveactionifseverityishighThenPDCA1,概率大的问题，制定预防性措施2,严重的问题，制定纠正性措施然后进入PDCA循环F.M.E.A.FlowChart应用流程ConceptdesignRiskminimum?NextphaseYesNoFMEAActionF.M.E.A.Keysuccessfulpoint成功要点(1)：•WherecanweuseFMEA哪里可应用FMEA?Everywherewheresomethingcangowrong!Ineveryphaseofaproject.任何可能出错的地方，项目的任何阶段•AttitudeduringFMEA工作态度Beopen-mindedforcriticism!针对批评，有则改之，无则嘉勉F.M.E.A.Keysuccessfulpoint成功要点(2)：•Meetingteam会议成员relevantpeople(supplier,customerorprocessowner),expertandnon-expert,max.10people相关人员（供应商，客户和主人），专家或非专家，最多10人F.M.E.A.Keysuccessfulpoint成功要点(3)：•Goodpreparation做好准备Giveparticipantsallinformationbeforemeeting,putdrawing,samples,instructiononthetableoronthefrontwall,usinginjectorandtransparencytorecordandvisualizeallinformation会前提供给与会者所有信息，将图纸，样品，说明书等放在会议桌上或墙上，用幻灯和薄膜纸将信息可视化F.M.E.A.2Examples:•NewHIDfactorylayout•HID3projects