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Unit4Earthquakeslanguagespoints1.Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.假设你的家开始晃动,你必须立刻离开Shake（shook,shaken)v.摇动,摇,颤抖,震动n.摇动,摇,颤抖,震动翻译:服药前请摇动瓶子Pleaseshakethebottlebeforetakingthemedicine.当火车经过时大地在剧烈地震动Whenthetrainpassedby,theearthshookseriously这个可怜的孩子正冻得发抖Thepoorchildwasshakingwithcold.联想记忆:shakehandswithsb.shakeone’shead/nodone’sheadshakesbbythehand=shakeone’shandshakeone’sfistatsbrightaway=rightnow=atonce=immediately=innotime立刻;马上还有“现在，此刻”之意，相当于atthisverymoment,atpresentWemustbeoffrightaway/rightnow.It’seight.请立刻把这篇文章打出来Pleasetypethisarticleoutrightaway/rightnowrightaway不可用于进行时态,rightnow还相当于atthisverymoment;atpresent在此刻,此时,可用于进行时态他们正在录制唱片Theyaremakingtherecordrightnow翻译:他此刻正在写一本小说Heiswritinganovelrightnow.现在是暑假我在农场上帮助爸爸干活RightnowitissummervocationandI’mhelpingmydadonthefarm.2.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位升升落落不停.@rise(rose,risen)vi.升起,起身,高耸,增长,上升n.上升,增加,上涨,发生,出现Everyoneknowsthatthesunrisesintheeast.Herosefromhischairwhenthedoorbellrang.Pricescontinuetorise.raise[reiz](raised,raising)vt.抬高；举起Iwillnotraiseahandagainstyou.我不会做任何不利于你的事。提高；增加toraisesalaries提高工资他把手臂举过头顶。Heraisedhisarmsabovehishead.他们坚决要求提高工资Theyinsistedonraisingsalariesrise:升起;上升;上涨(不能用于被动语态)raise:举起;使升起;提高;养育饲养(可用于被动语态)Thepriceoftomatoeshas_________(rise,raise)recently.Thepriceofthetomatoeshasbeen____(rise,raise)recently.He____(rise,raise)thechildfromthegroundThechild____(rise,raise)fromtheground.risenraisedraisedrose3.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.发臭的气体从裂缝中冒出来。@smellyadj.有臭味的eg:Thefoodwassmelly.扩展:n.+y构成形容词blood----mud----sun-----cloud----rain----wind---taste----dream----ice----greed----fat----fog-----smelln./v(smelt/smelled)Theywereallhungryandthefood______good.Ican______somethingburninginthekitchen.Pleasethrowthe_______fishaway.smeltsmellsmelly4.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝或者破裂.@crackvi.使开裂,破裂,eg:TheicecrackedasIsteppedontoit.玻璃制成的瓶子当从桌子摔落到地上时容易破碎Thebottlesmadeofglasseasilycrackwhentheyfellintothegroundfromthetable.n.裂缝,裂纹翻译:今天别去滑冰了-----冰上有危险的裂缝.Don’tgoskatingtoday---therearedangerouscracksintheice.镜子破裂了Themirrorcracked.墙上有个裂缝Thereisacrackinthewallburst(burst,burst)(1)v.爆裂，胀开；突然闯入，强行进入；爆炸(2)n.突发，爆发e.g.Thehouseburstintoflames.Themanburstintotheroom.burstintosth(tears/laughter)突然爆发burstoutdoing(crying/laughing)burstin/into…闯进，突然破门而入……aburstofapplause/anger/tears一阵…..即学即练：(1)Whenhewasriding,thetire______(burst).(2)She_____________________.（突然大哭起来）(3)He________________________（闯进了房子）withoutknocking.burstintotearsburstoutcryingburstintothehouseburst5.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.(para1,thelastsentence)thinklittle/muchof对……不重视/重视thinkhighly/wellof对……评价高/好thinkbadly/poorlyof认为……不好，评价差即学即练：(1)Themayor_________________yoursuggestionandheasksyoutoplantheprojectindetails.thinkmuchofs6.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.1)asif①asif在表语从句中相当于that:Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起来会议没完没了。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!=Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!②asif似乎,好像=asthoughShespoketomeasifsheknewme.她和我说话的神情,好像她早就认识我似的。③asif后还可跟名词、形容词、不定式等。如:Heactsasif(hewas)afool.Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.Tomraisedhishandsasif(hewasgoing)tosaysomething.用动词的适当形式填空。Itlooksasifit______(be)goingtorain.Hetalksasifhe_____(know)wheresheis.Thegirllistenedasifshe_______________(turn)tostone.is/wereknowshadbeenturned2)atanend意为“结束”。如：Thewarwasatanend.Imustwarnyouthatmypatienceisalmostatanend.end用作名词构成的短语:attheend(of)在……末尾bytheendof到……为止intheend最后,终于cometoanend完结bring…toanend/putanendto…使终止endupwith以….而告终attheendof用于表示具体事物或场所的场合,它也可以用来表示比喻意;bytheendof用于表示时间的场合到……结束的时候,用于过去完成时态;intheend意思“最后、终于”。用end构成的短语填空。Thecoldweatheratlaststopped____________March.Ourhuntforacheaperbutlargerhouseisatlast________.Ifyougoonwithwork,you’llsucceed_________.HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned____________lastterm?attheendofatanendintheendbytheendof7.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.lie(lay,lain)v.tobe,remainorbekeptinacertainstate.“处于某种状态”（连系动词）ruin在此为名词,意为“废墟”，常和介词in搭配,inruins意为“成废墟,垮掉,毁灭”。如：Thisearthquakeleftthewholetowninruins.Hisfutureis/liesinruins.ruin用作名词,构成的常见短语有：beontheroadtoruin正在走向毁灭、bringsth/sbtoruin使某物毁灭/某人破产be/lieinruins变成废墟gotoruin=fallintoruin衰落,败落如:Thecompanycannotpayitsbillsandisontheroadtoruin.Hehadletthefarmgotoruin.Thewarbroughtruintothecountry.ruin还可作动词,意为“毁坏,毁掉”，ruinoneself自我毁灭ruinone’shopes使某人的希望破灭ruined作形容词时,只用在名词前，意为“毁坏的,破败不堪的”。如：Thisillnesshasruinedhislife.Therainruinedmypainting.Whenwegotthere,wesawaruinedcastle.①damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与tosomething连用。如:Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetohiscar.②destroy只能用作动词，指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等打破。Theearthquakedestroyedalmostthewholetown.辨析:damage,ruin,destroy③ruin则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”、“使崩溃”、“弄糟”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”、“瓦解”、“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。Thefireruinedthecastle.Thehousehasfallenintoruin.Thecompanyisfacingruin.Thevillage___inruinsafterthewar.Thesemachineshave____idle(闲置的)sinc