初中宾语从句讲解与练习

1初中宾语从句讲解与练习一、基本概念Weknowhim．简单句主s谓v宾oWeknow（that）helikesEnglish.复合句主s谓v主s谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。E.g.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Theboywasinterestedinwhateverhesawhere.那孩子对在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.二、宾语从句的种类根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.22.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。if、whether一般情况下可以互换Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.但在下列情况下只能用whether：1)在具有选择意义,又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether。①Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)让我知道他是否能来。②.Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我想知道我们是去还是留。2）在介词之后用whether。①I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。3②We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。3）在不定式前用whether。①Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。②Idon'tknowwhethertogo.我不知去否。③Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4.whether置于句首时，不能换用if。Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否是真的我说不上来。三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。1.Ihear（that）physicsisn’teasy.2.Ithink（that）youwilllikethisschoolsoon.3.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo？4.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.Idon’tknow________(是否)hewillcometomypartyornot.知识拓展:4IthinkIbelieve等后接宾语从句,如果否定的是后面的从句,一般要将主句动词改为否定形式,而从句仍然用肯定形式.这与汉语的习惯不同.Idon'tbelieveshewilltakepartintheEnglishevening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会.Idon'tthinkyoulikesports.我认为你不喜欢运动.四、宾语从句的时态1、如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。①Idon’tthink(that)youareright.②Pleasetelluswhereheis.③CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2、如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。①Heaskedwhattimeitwas.②Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.③HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.④HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3、如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。①OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.②Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.③Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）④Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）宾语从句巧记歌学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：5主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。单项选择1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit2.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.whyliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterror3.—Doyouknow________thegirlinredis?—I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what4.—Whatdidyourparentsthankaboutyourdecision?--Theyalwaysletmedo_______IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what5.Iwanttoknow________.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat6.--Wouldyoupleasetellme__________?--At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave67.–Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?-I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how8.-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank________tothezoothisSundayifit________?-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine9.Noonecanbesure_________inamillionyears.A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.whatmanlookedlikeD.whatmanwilllooklike10.Suetoldmethatshe_________shoppingwithhersisterthenextday.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.goesD.hasgone11.Ourteachertoldusthesun________intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risingD.rises12.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idon’tknow________.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad13.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave14.Canyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives15.Theoldmanaskedme________.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema16.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how17.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how18.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost19.Sheaskedme_________A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis20.Idon’tknow_________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.7A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow_________?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbel