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《工程热力学》课程专业词汇中英文对照表thermodynamics热力学heat热work功irreversibleprocess不可逆过程energylawofenergyconservation能量守恒定律temperature温度thermalequilibrium热平衡Zerothlawofthermodynamics热力学第零定律temperaturescale温标thermometer温度计thermodynamicsscaleoftemperature热力学温标density密度mass质量pressure压力gaugepressure表压absolutepressure绝对压力system系统boundary边界surrounding外界closedsystem闭口系统opensystem开口系统quantityofstate状态参数process过程reversibleprocess可逆过程irreversibleprocess不可逆过程quasistaticprocess准静态过程isovolumetricprocess定容过程adiabaticprocess绝热过程isothermalprocess定温过程polytrophicprocess多变过程P-VdiagramP-V图absolutework绝对功technicalwork技术功kineticenergy动能potentialenergy势能internalenergy内能specificinternalenergy比内能specificheatcapacity比热容constantvolumespecificheatcapacity定容比热容constantpressurespecificheatcapacity定压比热容flowenergy流动能enthalpy焓specificenthalpy比焓latentheat潜热sensibleheat显热lawofconservationofenergy能量守恒定律firstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律nozzle喷管heatengine热机perpetual-motionmachineoffirstkind第一类永动机idealgas理想气体imperfectgas非理想气体equationofstate状态方程式universalgasconstant通用气体常数ratioofspecificheatcapacity比热容比Joule-Thomsoneffect焦耳－汤姆逊效应partialpressure分压力Dalton”slaw道尔顿定律humidity湿度dryair干空气absolutehumidity绝对湿度saturatedsteampressure饱和蒸汽压relativehumidity相对湿度dewpoint露点cycle循环reciprocatingengine往复式发动机bottomdeadcenter下止点topdeadcenter上止点thermalefficiency热效率refrigerator制冷机heatpump热泵72irreversibility不可逆性secondlawofthermodynamic热力学第二定律Clausiusstatement克劳修斯表述Kelven-Plankstatement开尔文－普朗克表述perpetual-motionmachineofsecondkind第二类永动机isenthalpicprocess定焓过程Carnotcycle卡诺循环Clausiusintegral克劳修斯积分Clausiusinequality克劳修斯不等式entropy熵absoluteentropy绝对熵principleoftheincreaseofentropy熵增原理T-SdiagramT-S图realgas实际气体steam蒸汽boiling沸腾evaporation汽化saturationpressure饱和压力wetsaturatedsteam湿蒸汽convergentnozzle渐缩喷管criticalpressure临界压力Machnumber马赫数compressionignitionengine压缩点火发动机Dieselcycle狄赛尔循环combinedcycle混合加热循环gasturbine燃气轮机steamprimemover蒸汽原动机boiler锅炉《传热学》课程专业词汇中英文对照表heattransfer热传递heatconduction导热convection对流naturalconvection自然对流freeconvection自由对流forcedconvection强制对流heattransferbyconvection对流换热phasechange相变evaporation蒸发boiling沸腾condensation凝结melting融化solidification凝固thermalradiation热辐射temperaturefield温度场steady-stateconduction稳态温度场transientconduction非稳态温度场temperaturegradient温度梯度isotherms等温线cartesiancoordinates直角坐标系heatflux热流密度矢量Fourier’slaw导热基本定律heatDiffusionEquation导热微分方程式initialconditions初始条件boundaryconditions边界条件thermalcontactresistance接触热阻isothermalplace等温面heattransferrate热流量heatfluxlines热流线heatflux热流密度thermalconductivity导热系数thermaldiffusivity热扩散率heattransfercoefficient换热系数thermalresistance热阻thermalresistanceoffouling污垢热阻overallthermalresistance总热阻overallcoefficientofheattransfer传热系数convectionheattransfer对流换热dimensionalanalysis量纲分析boundarylayer边界层analysisoftheorderofmagnitudeinboundarylayer边界层的数量级分析boundarylayerintegralequation边界层积分方程boundarylayerdifferentialequation边界层微分方程boundarygridpoint边界节点boundarylayercondition边界条件turbulentflow湍流Nusseltnumber努谢尔特数Reynoldsnumber雷诺数Prandtlnumber普朗特数Grashofnumber格拉晓夫数externalflow外部流动flowalongaflatplate外掠平板referencetemperature定性温度equivalentdiameter当量直径boilingheattransfer沸腾换热flowacrosssingletube横掠单管flowacrosstubebundles横掠管束poolboiling大容器沸腾flowboiling流动沸腾forcedconvectionboiling强制对流沸腾subcooledboiling过冷沸腾surfaceboiling表面沸腾subcooltemperature过冷温度saturatedboiling饱和沸腾bulxboiling容积沸腾superheat过热度maximumheatfluxpoint最大热流密度点nucleationcenter核化中心nucleateboiling核态沸腾burnout烧毁minimumheatfluxpoint最小热流密度点filmboiling膜态沸腾transitionboiling过渡沸腾spheroidalstate球形状态boilingcurve沸腾曲线condensation凝结condenser冷凝器filmcondensation膜状凝结drop-wisecondensation珠状凝结mixedcondensation混合凝结radiationheattransfer辐射换热absoluteblackbody绝对黑体graybody灰体viewfactor角系数spectrum光谱Planckradiationlaw普朗克辐射定律Rayleighformula雷莱公式emissivity辐射率reflectivity反射比emissivepower辐射力degreeofblackness黑度irradiation投入辐射radiosity有效辐射diffusereflection漫反射diffusesurface漫射表面thermalshield遮热板heatexchanger换热器parallel-flow顺流counter-flow逆流effectivenessofheatexchanger换热器的效能log-meantemperaturedifference对数平均温差