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1强调句一、强调句的基本结构及用法强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是”等字眼。其基本结构是：It+be的适当形式+被强调成分+that(who)+其他成分Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.→Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.(强调主语he)→Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.(强调宾语thebook)→Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.(强调地点状语inthisshop)【注意】1.在该强调结构中，It无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。Itis(was)…that(who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。2.关于that与who当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替that；当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who.Itwasthethingsandpeoplethattheyrememberedthattheyweretalkingabout．当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when/where/why代替that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。1）ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.so2）ItwasinQingdaoIsawtheseaforthefirsttime.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.which3）Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。Itwasfromhim,hischemistryteacher,thatPaullearnedtowatchcarefullyinclass.3.关于be的适当形式：在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。①如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，就用is。Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it②如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，就用was。例如:Itwasbetween1989and1999greatchangestookplaceinourhometown.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.because③也可以根据需要用Itmay/might/mustbethat/who;Itmusthavebeenthat/who如:ItmightbeSallythatyouarethinkingof.Itmightbeinthemorningthathebrokeintothehouse.Itmightbehisfatherthatyouarelookingfor.ItmustbeJohnthat/whowilltakepartinthecontestonbehalfourclass.Itmusthavebeenhertwinsisterthatyousaw.24.关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者because引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名词充当）、although引导的让步状语从句、for,since,as引导的原因状语从句、if条件状语等。如：强调主语、宾语。Itisthesepoisonousproductscancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.A.whoB.thatC.howD.whatItwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguagesattractedtheaudience’sinterest.A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhichItwastheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.(NMET2000)A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it强调状语Itwasatthegateofourschoolthatwegavethevisitorsawarmwelcome.(强调地点状语)Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.(强调程度状语)ItisbybusthatMaryusuallygoestoschool.(强调方式状语)ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.(强调时间状语)Itiswhenhegotbackthatheknewwhathadhappened.(强调时间状语)Itwasbecausehelovedmymoneythathemarriedme.(强调原因状语)注意：1.强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when,where,why或how。Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.whenItwasbecauseofbadweatherthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.soB.sothatC.whyD.thatItwaswheretherehadbeenatheatretheybuiltanewmodernschool.A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.so2.使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。比较下面的句子：1)Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.(强调句型)Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)2)Itwasat3o'clockthattheycameback.(强调句型)Itwas3o'clockwhentheycameback.(when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)3)Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.(强调句型)Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.(before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.(since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)再如：Itwasrainingwhentheycameback.ItistruethatheoncewenttoCanada.ItisasurprisethatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.3.强调部分为介词短语：强调部分为介词短语时，①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项。②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别。1.ItwasthroughJackMarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that2.Itwasgreatcarethattheydidthejob.A.forB.aboutC.withD.in33.ItwasonOctober1st1949newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.aD.that4.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.特别提示：对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...这一固定句”型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序.Itwasbackhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo5.关于主谓一致：在强调句型中，被强调部分是原句型的主语时，其形式必须与谓语动词的人称和数保持一致。Itisyourfatherthatiswrongthistime.ItisheandhisparentsthathavecometoChina.6.人称对照：在强调句型中，如强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时,应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。Itistheywhowillattendthemedicalconference.ItwasherthatIsawinthestreetjustnow.【误】ItisIwho/thatisgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【正】ItisIwho/thatamgoingtobesenttheretohelpthem.【误】Itwasherthattoldmeaboutit.【正】Itwasshethattoldmeaboutit.【误】ItisIwhotheteacherhaspunished.【正】Itismewhomtheteacherhaspunished.二、特殊形式的强调句结构1.强调句的否定、疑问句形式以及感叹句形式。强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式以及反意疑问句形式：①否定形式：ItwasnotinEnglandthatOlympicCompetitionsfirststarted.②一般疑问句形式：Was/Isit+被强调部分+that+其他成分？Isthegirlinredwhoisyoursister?例1．WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then例2．---Wasn’titDr.Wangwhospoketoyoujustnow?---.A.Ididn’tknowhewasB.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn’tD.Yes,hedid解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能：“Yes,itwas.”或“No,itwasn’t.”故选B.③特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+was/Isit+被强调部分+that+其他成分Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?Whowasitthattoldyouthenews？WhenwasitthathefirstcametoChina?Wherewasitthatyoumether?Howwasitthathesolvedtheproblem?4事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是就陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问变化而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含有特殊疑问词的强调句型用