运筹学的发展历史及研究现状

河南科技学院2009届本科毕业论文论文题目：运筹学的发展历史及研究现状学生姓名：李光照所在院系：数学系所学专业：数学与应用数学专业导师姓名：白春阳完成时间：2009-05-182运筹学的发展历史及研究现状摘要运筹学是包含多种学科的综合性学科，是最早形成的一门软科学。它把科学的方法、技术和工具应用到包括一个系统管理在内的各种问题上，以便为那些掌管系统的人们提供最佳的解决问题的办法。它用科学的方法研究与某一系统的最优管理有关的问题。它能帮助决策人解决那些可以用定量方法和有关理论来处理的问题。本文首先对运筹学做了简单介绍，并回顾了运筹学的产生和历史，同时介绍了运筹学研究对象、定义和特点，以及运筹学的内容和研究方法，深入探讨了运筹学自形成以后在国内外的发展情况，并且分析了运筹学在20世纪40年代获得快速发展的原因，最后对现在运筹学界最为关注的问题——运筹学的未来发展作了分析。关键词：运筹学，历史，特点，内容和方法，发展OperationsresearchhistoricaldevelopmentandresearchpresentsituationAbstractTheOperationsResearchisacomprehensivemulti-disciplinarysubject,whichisoneoftheearliestformationsofasoftscience.Itappliesthescientificmethods,techniquesandtoolstoallkindsofissues,includingasystemofmanagement,inordertoprovidethosepeoplethatareinchargeofthesystemwiththebestmethodtodealwithproblem:Accordingtousethescientificmethods,itresearchesontheproblemswhichrelatestotheoptimalmanagementofasystem.Itcanhelpdecision-makerstosolvethoseproblemsthroughquantitymethodsandrelatedtheory.ThispaperfirstgivesabriefintroductionoftheOperationsResearch,andthenrecallstheemergenceandthehistoryofOperationsResearch,atthesametimethepaperintroducestheobjectofstudyandtheDefinitionandthecharacteristicsofOperationalResearch,thecontentandthemethodsofoperationsresearch.Itdiscussesin-depthonthedevelopmentofOperationsResearchathomeandabroadsinceitformed,anditalsoanalysisofthereasonsfortherapiddevelopmentinthe1940s.Atlastitanalysisoftheissue,whichisgiventhemostattentionbythepresentcommunityofoperationalresearch,thatisthefuturedevelopmentofoperationsresearchKeywords:OperationsResearch;history;characteristics;contentandmethods;development4目录1引言...............................................................................................................................................12运筹学简介...................................................................................................................................13运筹学的历史............................................................................................................................23.1运筹学的产生....................................................................................................................23.2中国的现代运筹学...........................................................................................................24运筹学的研究对象、定义和特点...............................................................................................24.1运筹学的研究对象............................................................................................................24.2运筹学的定义...................................................................................................................34.3运筹学的特点...................................................................................................................35运筹学的内容和研究方法........................................................................................................45.1运筹学的各分支介绍........................................................................................................45.1.1规划论....................................................................................................................45.1.2图论........................................................................................................................55.1.3决策论....................................................................................................................55.1.4排队论....................................................................................................................55.1.5对策论....................................................................................................................65.1.6存储论....................................................................................................................65.1.7可靠性理论............................................................................................................75.1.8搜索论....................................................................................................................75.2运筹学的研究方法............................................................................................................75.3运用运筹学处理问题的步骤[3]......................................................................................76运筹学的发展............................................................................................................................76.1运筹学的国外发展............................................................................................................86.2运筹学的国内发展............................................................................................................86.3运筹学在20世纪40年代以后得到迅速发展的原因....................................................96.4运筹学的未来展望............................................................................................................97结论..........................................................................................................................................10参考文献.......................................................................