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2019届二轮复习名词性从句专题训练学案基础知识一、名词性从句概念：名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句主要有4种从句结构：（1）that引导的从句（2）以whether/if引导的从句。（3）以特殊疑问词引导的从句：a连接代词；what.who.whom.which.whose.等。b连接副词：when.where.why和how等（4）以what.或wh-ever等连接代词引导的名词性从句。如：whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever、whenever、wherever和however等。此外asif/asthough可引导表语从句。二、具体用法：主语从句：1、that引导的主语从句位于句首：eg:Thathewillcometovisitusmakesusexcited=Itmakesusexcitedthathe’llcometovisitus.Thatinsomecontrieswomenarestilltreatedunequallyisunfair.=Itisunfairthatinsomecontrieswomenarestilltreatedunequally2、that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语常见的句型有:（1）Itis/was+adj;(necessary,important,strange,unbelievable,vita,etc)+that从句[should+v,原]eg:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent(should)masteroneortwoforeignlanguages.Itisstrangethatyou(should)trustJane.（2）Itis/was+名词词组（nowonder/anhoner/agoodthing/apity/nosurprise.etc）+that+从句eg:It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.It’snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.（3）Itis/was＋过去分词（said/reported/thought/expected/decided/announced/arranged/suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demanded等）＋that＋从句eg:Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout.Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.注：表建议、命令、要求的过去分词后的that从句中的谓语V用should+V.原（4）It+特殊动词（happen/occur/seem/appear/chance等）+that从句。eg:ItoccurredtomethatweshouldgetintouchwiththemanagerIthappened/chancedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.3、Whether/if引导的主语从句。引导词whether/if在从句中不作成分，但有“是否”之意。whether引导的主语从句可以置于句首或句末，但if引导的主语从句不能置于句首只能置于句末eg:whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.→Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompletedontime.Whetherhewillattendthepartyisnotknown.→Itisnotknownwhether/ifhewillattendtheparty.4、wh一类连接词引导的主语从句。eg:Whatweshoulddonextisclearnow.Whyhedidthatmadeuspuzzled.Wherewecanlookuphisaddressisstillaproblem.nouse/good5、Itisawasteoftime/money+doingsthuseless/worthless/valuelesseg:Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.宾语从句。1、动词的宾语从句。大多数及物动词可以接宾语从句，有些短语动词也可接宾语从句，宾语从句有时可以用it形式宾语代替，真正的宾语从句后置。eg:Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.Makesurethatthedoorisclosed.Ifeelitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofexerciseeveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfulloffood.nouse/goodSbthink/find/consider等+it+ituseless/worthless/valueless+doingsthawasteoftime/moneyeg:Ifinditnogood/usequarrelingwithher.2、介词宾语从句一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但except,but,besides.三个介词后有时也可以接that引导的宾语从句，在口语中that可省略。Nothingpleasedherbutthatwegoaway.YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayshelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.3、形容词的宾语从句。在sure/certain/glad/pleased/happy/afraid/surprised/satisfied/sorry等表示情感的形容词后可以接宾语从句。eg:I’mnotsurewhetherthey’llagreewithsuchaplan.I’mextremelysorrythatI’vetroubledyousomuch.4、that引导的宾语从句，引导词that一般可省略，但有时不能省。①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其余的that不能够省略。eg:ThentheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.②在双宾语的句子中，作直接宾语的从句中的that不能省略。eg:Hetoldusthathehadpassedtheexam.③当宾语的从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。eg:Manypeoplesimplycouldn’tbelievethatwhathehadwrittenwastrue.④当宾语从句有it作形式宾语时。eg:Weallconsideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.表语从句。1、that引导表语从句时不可省略。eg:Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o’clocktomorrowmorning.2、系动词+表语从句，可以接表语从句的连系动词除be动词外，还有seem.look.appear.sound.taste.feel.smell.remain等）eg:ItlooksasifIt’sgoingtorain.Itsoundsasifyou’refromAmerica.3、主语是名词reason时，表语从句的连接词用that，而不用why或because.eg:Thereasonforsuchanaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocareless.4、若主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，reguest，demand，requirement等，表“建议、要求或命令”的词时，表语从句的谓V用（should）+V原。eg:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutit.Thecaptain’sorderwasthatwe(should)startoutatonce.同位语从句。是用以说明或解释某一名词的内容或实质的从句，在主句中的作用等同于其所修饰的名词。1、同位语从句的连接词，常用的引导词有that，whether,why,how,when,who,where等。if不能引导同位语从句，其中that和whether不作成分，that没有意义。Whether有“是否之意，其它连接词具有实际意义，同时在句中作一定的成分。2、同位语从句所修饰的名词，不是所有的名词都有可以接同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是会有抽象意义的名词，常见的有：advice.belief.fear.fact.news.doubt.explanation.idea.hope.order.opinion.possibility等。注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别。1、所有表达的内容不同，它们都是用来修饰名词的。定语从句说明名词的性质、特征来源等；而同位语从句说明名词表示的具体内容。eg:Thefactthathepresentedwasastrongproof.(定语从句)Thefactthatshehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedus.(同位语从句)2、在从句中所起的作用不同，引导定语从句的关系代词that在从句中作主语，宾语等成分；而引导同位语从句的引导词that在句中不作成分。eg:HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChina.(同位语从句)Heexpressedthehopethatwasunrealisticforhim.(定语从句)Thelifethatheledwasahappyone.(定语从句)Theideathattheenvironrentshouldbeprotectedwasputforward.(同位语从句)一些连接词的用法区别：1、whether与if①if和whether在表“是否”意义时，引导动词的宾语从句二者可以通用，但介词或动词discuss,debate后的宾语从句一般不用if要用whether.eg:I’lltrytofindoutwhether/ifthemachineisingoodcondition.I’mnotinterestedinwhethertheybelieveinmeornot.②与ornot连用时，一般用whether;如果ornot与whether分开时，可以与if通用。eg:Iwonderwhetherornotweshouldbuyit.Iwonderwhether/ifweshouldbuyitornot.③宾语从句置于句前时用whether.eg:Whethertheywilljoinintheclub,Idon’tcare.④在容易产生歧义的句子中，常用whether不用if.eg:Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.告诉我你是否回来。2、what与thatwhat在从句中多作主语、宾语、表语，相当于allthat；而that在从句中不担任成分。eg:Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.（表语）Theybuiltashopinwhatusedtobeawasteland.（