《道德经》中英对照(林语堂)

1《道德经》中英对照（林语堂）一章道，可道，非恒道。名，可名，非恒名。无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。故常无欲，以观其妙；常有欲，以观其徼。此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。TheTaothatcanbetoldofIsnottheAbsoluteTao;TheNamesthatcanbegivenArenotAbsoluteNames.TheNamelessistheoriginofHeavenandEarth;TheNamedistheMotherofAllThings.Therefore:Oftentimes,onestripsoneselfofpassionInordertoseetheSecretofLife;Oftentimes,oneregardslifewithpassion,Inordertoseeitsmanifestforms.Thesetwo(theSecretanditsmanifestations)Are(intheirnature)thesame;TheyaregivendifferentnamesWhentheybecomemanifest.TheymaybothbecalledtheCosmicMystery:ReachingfromtheMysteryintotheDeeperMysteryIstheGatetotheSecretofAllLife.二章天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已；皆知善之为善，斯不善矣。有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也。是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教，万物作而弗始，生而弗有，为而弗恃，功成而弗居。夫唯弗居，是以不去。WhenthepeopleoftheEarthallknowbeautyasbeauty,Therearises(therecognitionof)ugliness.WhenthepeopleoftheEarthallknowthegoodasgood,Therearises(therecognitionof)evil.Therefore:Beingandnon-beinginterdependingrowth;Difficultandeasyinterdependincompletion;Longandshortinterdependincontrast;Highandlowinterdependinposition;Tonesandvoiceinterdependinharmony;Frontandbehindinterdependincompany.ThereforetheSage:Managesaffairswithoutaction;Preachesthedoctrinewithoutwords;Allthingstaketheirrise,buthedoesnotturnawayfromthem;Hegivesthemlife,butdoesnottakepossessionofthem;Heacts,butdoesnotappropriate;2Accomplishes,butclaimsnocredit.ItisbecausehelaysclaimtonocreditThatthecreditcannotbetakenawayfromhim.三章不尚贤，使民不争；不贵难得之货，使民不为盗；不见可欲，使民心不乱。是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹；弱其志，强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫知不敢弗为而已，则无不治。Exaltnotthewise,Sothatthepeopleshallnotschemeandcontend;Prizenotrareobjects,Sothatthepeopleshallnotsteal;Shutoutfromsitethethingsofdesire,Sothatthepeople'sheartsshallnotbedisturbed.ThereforeinthegovernmentoftheSage:HekeepsemptytheirheartsMakesfulltheirbellies,Discouragestheirambitions,Strengthenstheirframes;Sothatthepeoplemaybeinnocentofknowledgeanddesires.Andthecunningonesshallnotpresumetointerfere.ByactionwithoutdeedsMayallliveinpeace.四章道冲，而用之或不盈。渊兮，似万物之宗。挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘。湛兮，似或存。吾不知谁之子，象帝之先。Taoisahollowvessel,Anditsuseisinexhaustible!Fathomless!Likethefountainheadofallthings,Itssharpedgesroundedoff,Itstanglesuntied,Itslighttempered,Itsturmoilsubmerged,Yetdarklikedeepwateritseemstoremain.IdonotknowwhoseSonitit,AnimageofwhatexistedbeforeGod.五章天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。天地之间，其犹橐龠乎？虚而不屈，动而愈出。多闻数穷，不如守中。Natureisunkind:Ittreatsthecreationlikesacrificialstraw-dogs.TheSageisunkind:Hetreatsthepeoplelikesacrificialstraw-dogs.Howtheuniverseislikeabellows!Empty,yetitgivesasupplythatneverfails;3Themoreitisworked,themoreitbringsforth.Bymanywordsiswitexhausted.Rather,therefore,holdtothecore.六章谷神不死，是谓玄牝。玄牝之门，是谓天地根。绵绵若存，用之不勤。TheSpiritoftheValleyneverdies.ItiscalledtheMysticFemale.TheDooroftheMysticFemaleIstherootofHeavenandEarth.Continuously,continuously,Itseemstoremain.DrawuponitAnditservesyouwithease.七章天长地久。天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生，故能长生。是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存。不以其无私邪？故能成其私。Theuniverseiseverlasting.ThereasontheuniverseiseverlastingIsthatitdoesnotlifeforSelf.Thereforeitcanlongendure.ThereforetheSageputshimselflast,Andfindshimselfintheforemostplace;Regardshisbodyasaccidental,Andhisbodyistherebypreserved.IsitnotbecausehedoesnotliveforSelfThathisSelfisrealized?八章上善若水。水善利万物而不争，居众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。Thebestofmenislikewater;WaterbenefitsallthingsAnddoesnotcompetewiththem.Itdwellsin(thelowly)placesthatalldisdain-WhereinitcomesneartotheTao.Inhisdwelling,(theSage)lovesthe(lowly)earth;Inhisheart,heloveswhatisprofound;Inhisrelationswithothers,heloveskindness;Inhiswords,helovessincerity;Ingovernment,helovespeace;Inbusinessaffairs,helovesability;Inhiactions,heloveschoosingtherighttime.ItisbecausehedoesnotcontendThatheiswithoutreproach.九章4持而盈之，不如其已。揣而锐之，不可长保。金玉满堂，莫之能守。富贵而骄，自遗其咎。功遂身退，天下之道。Stretch(abow)totheveryfull,Andyouwillwishyouhadstoppedintime.Tempera(sword-edge)toitsverysharpest,Andtheedgewillnotlastlong.Whengoldandjadefillyourhall,Youwillnotbeabletokeepthemsafe.TobeproudwithwealthandhonorIstosowseedsofone'sowndownfall.Retirewhenyourworkisdone,SuchisHeaven'sway.十章载营魄抱一，能无离乎？专气致柔，能如婴儿乎？修除玄览，能无疵乎？爱民治国，能无智乎？天门开阖，能为雌乎？明白四达，能无知乎？生之、畜之，生而不有，长而不宰。是为玄德。InembracingtheOnewithyoursoul,CanyouneverforsaketheTao?Incontrollingyourvitalforcetoachievegentleness,Canyoubecomelikethenew-bornchild?IncleansingandpurifyingyourMysticvision,Canyoustriveafterperfection?Inlovingthepeopleandgoverningthekingdom,Canyourulewithoutinterference?InopeningandshuttingtheGateofHeaven,CanyouplaythepartoftheFemale?Incomprehendingallknowledge,Canyourenouncethemind?????????ê?ò???????è?ê?·?12ò?ì±￡?μ±????￡?ó?3μ??ó??￡???úò??a?÷￡?μ±????￡?ó??÷??ó??￡???§??ò??aêò￡?μ±????￡?ó?êò??ó??￡1êó???ò??aà?￡?????ò??aó??￡????Thirtyspokesunitearoundthenave;????Fromtheirnot-being(lossoftheirindividuality)????Arisestheutilityofthewheel.????Moldclayintoavessel;????Fromitsnot-being(inthevessel'shollow)????Arisestheutilityofthevessel.????Cutoutdoorsandwindowsinthehouse(-wall),????Fromtheirnot-being(emptyspace)arisestheutility????ofthehouse.????Thereforebytheexistenceofthingsweprofit.????Andbythenon-existenceofthingsweareserved.5十二