倒装句及练习

1必修5unit4语法倒装句英语的自然语序是主语+谓语（+其他成分）。有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装语序。将谓语部分或完全放在主语之前。只将助动词或情态动词或系动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。将谓语动词放在主语之前称为完全倒装。一、部分倒装（一般疑问句和特殊疑问句是部分倒装）1、only在句首修饰（状语）副词、介词短语、状语从句。（修饰名词代词（主语）时不倒装）Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItalydidIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.Onlyheistherightpersonforthejob.2、否定或半否定意义的副词、连词或介词短语在句首，部分倒装Littledidherealizethatwewerewatchinghiseverymove.Notasinglemistakedidthelittlepupilmakeinhiscomposition.NevershallIforgetthepastbitterdays.SeldomhaveIfeltsolonelynow.Nosoonerhadwesatdownthanwefounditwastimetogo.Hardlyhadwestartedwhenthecargotaflattire.Bynomeansshouldwelookdownuponthepeoplewhoareinferiortous.Eg:●notonly…butalso,当notonly位于句首，其引导的分句部分倒装。NotonlydidtheytakeawayeverythinghehadbutalsohisGermancitizenship.●notuntil引导的从句放在句首，主句部分倒装NotuntilyouhadshownmehowtodoitdidImanagetodoit.●neither…nor…，neither和nor在其引导的分句句首时，两个分句都部分倒装Neitherwasthedirectorfortheplannorwasheagainstit.3、频度副词在句首(often,frequently,always,many,times)，部分倒装Rarelydidadebateattractsomuchmediaattention.Frequentlydoesmycompanionbeatmeatchess.4So开头的句子（肯定句），说某人某事与前边提到过的相同时，部分倒装----Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.----Sodoesmine.5neither,nor开头的句子（否定句）说某人某事与前边提到过的相同时，部分倒装IfJoe’swifewon’tgototheparty,neitherwillhe.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,andneitherwasI.(上面的两种句式都可用Soitis/waswithsb./sth.来替换)6、so…that…;such…that…句型，若把so或such及其所修饰的部分放在句首，主句部分倒装，that引导的结果状语从句语序正常。Sosuddenwastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.Suchrapidprogressdidtheboygetthathisfathergavehispermissiontotravel.2二、完全倒装1、表地点或方位的副词、介词、介词短语放在句首时，完全倒装**“therebe”句型实际上是完全倒装。主语在be后。在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。*Thereisaboxonthetable.*Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.*Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.*Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.**in,out,back,up,down,off,away,here,there等词在句首，完全倒装。(但若主语为人称代词，不倒装)Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.Nearbyweretwochemicalworks.Insidethegardengrowavarietyofflowers.Look!Herecomesthebus.Oh,hereitcomes.Listen!Theregoesthebell.Oh,thereitgoes.Justthenthedooropenedandincameawoman.Hearinghisnamescalled,outherushed.2、now,then,thus开头的一些固定句型，完全倒装Nowcomesyourturntoanswerthequestion.TheAnti-JapaneseWarendedin1945.ThenfollowedChina’sLiberationWar.Thusbeganthereform.3、表语位于句首时，完全倒装（表语+系动词+主语）PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteandmanyotherguests.Gonearethedays1.在“therebe”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。e.g.Thereisaboxonthetable.Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.3.在here，there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）e.g.Theregoesthebell.Hereisanappleforyou.Thereshecomes.Ex：There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe4.重复倒装句型，用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人3或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor，neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g.IamwatchingTV.Soisshe.Myparentsdidn'twatchTVlastnight.Neither（Nor）didI.Sheisbusydoingherhomework.Soisherbrother.Youpassedtheexam.SodidI.Hedoesn’tlikeshopping.Neitherdoi.Hecan’tspeakanyforeignlanguage.Norcanhisfather.表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用soitiswith…Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears.Soitiswithhisaunt.Ex：1)Idon'tknowhowtoswim,____.A.andmysisterdoesn'tneitherB.normysistercanC.nordoesmysisterD.andmysisterdoeseither2)She'spassedthetest.____.A.SoamIB.SohaveIC.SoIhaveD.AlsoIhave5.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g.Verywell，saidtheFrenchstudent.Bringmetwoeggsandacupoftea，please.saidhe.6.在以hardly(scarcely),never,not,notonly,little,few，seldom,nosooner…(than),notuntil,nowhere等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g.Littledidhesayatthemeeting.NevershallIforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.Hardly(Scarcely)hadhereachedthestationwhenthetrainstarted.Notoncedidwevisitthecityofourown.SeldominallmylifehaveImetsuchadeterminedperson.Notonlywastherenoelectricity,butalsonowater.Notuntilheshoutedatthetopofhisvoicedidsheturnherhead.比较：IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheArmy.Ex：1)Hardly________theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto2)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—No,________anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen7.用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。e.g.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g.OnlyWangLiliknowsthis.Onlyafewyoungmenwenttothetheatre.（修饰主语时则不用倒装）Ex：1)Onlyinthisway___makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto2)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover___gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe3)Onlyafterliberation___tobetreatedashumanbeings.A.didtheybeginB.theyhadbegunC.theydidbeginD.hadtheybegun48.为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如up，down，out，away，in等放在句首，同时把