钢结构连接件和支撑件英文培训(带详细图解)

12IntroductionThispresentationwasdevelopedasateachingaidwiththesupportoftheAmericanInstituteofSteelConstruction.Itsobjectiveistoprovidetechnicalbackgroundandinformationforconnectionsandbracingconfigurations.Theinformationprovidedisbasedoncommondesignandconstructionpracticesforstructuresoftwelvestoriesorless.TheAISCDigitalLibrarycasestudypresentationsdocumenttheconstructionofasteelframeforanofficebuilding.Thecasestudyincludesphotographsthatweretakenthroughouttheconstructionofthestructuralsteelframeincludingdetailing,fabrication,anderection.Projectdataincludingplans,schedules,specificationsandotherdetailsarealsoincluded.ThecasestudypresentationsareavailableintheLearningOpportunitiessectionat•Generalknowledgeofstructuralsteel•KnowledgeofthetypesofsteelframeconnectionsdefinedintheAmericanInstituteofSteelConstructiondesignspecification•Anunderstandingofdifferenttypesofconnectionsusedinstructuralsteelframes•Insightintotheimpactsofusingcertainconnectiontypes•Familiaritywithcommonbracingsystemsusedinstructuralsteelframes4BenefitsofStructuralSteelSomebenefitsassociatedwithuseofstructuralsteelforownersare:•Steelallowsforreducedframeconstructiontimeandtheabilitytoconstructinallseasons•Steelmakeslargespansandbaysizespossible,providingmoreflexibilityforowners•Steeliseasiertomodifyandreinforceifarchitecturalchangesaremadetoafacilityoveritslife•Steelislightweightandcanreducefoundationcosts•Steelisdurable,long-lastingandrecyclable(AISC1999)5UniqueAspectsofSteelConstructionProcurementandmanagementofstructuralsteelissimilartoothermaterials,buttherearesomeuniqueaspectstosteelconstruction:•Steelisfabricatedoff-site(aboveleft)•On-siteerectionisarapidprocess(aboveright)•Thisgivesuseofstructuralsteelsomeschedulingadvantages•Coordinationofallpartiesisessentialforachievingpotentialadvantages(AISC1999)6ForcesOnStructures•Forcesfromgravity,wind,andseismiceventsareimposedonallstructures•Forcesthatactverticallyaregravityloads•Forcesthatacthorizontally,suchasstability,windandseismicevents(thefocusofthisdiscussion)requirelateralloadresistingsystemstobebuiltintostructures•Aslateralloadsareappliedtoastructure,horizontaldiaphragms(floorsandroofs)transfertheloadtothelateralloadresistingsystem(AISC2002)StructuralSteelFrameElevation7InitialSystemPlanning•Thetypeoflateralloadresistingsystemtobeusedinastructureshouldbeconsideredearlyintheplanningstage•Lateralstabilityaswellasarchitecturalneedsmustbemet•Thethreecommonlateralloadresistingsystemsare:1.BracedFrames2.RigidFrames3.ShearWalls(AdaptedfromAISC2002)2113RigidHoriz.Diaphragm(FloororRoof)8BracedFramesandRigidFramesThispresentationfocusesonbracedframes(left)andrigidframes(right)9SteelFrameConnectionTypesTheSpecificationforStructuralSteelBuildings(AISC2005)definestwotypesofconnections:•SimpleConnections(aboveleft)•MomentConnections(aboveright)Fully-RestrainedandPartially-Restrained10•Allconnectionshaveacertainamountofrigidity•Simpleconnections(Aabove)havesomerigidity,butareassumedtobefreetorotate•Partially-Restrainedmomentconnections(BandCabove)aredesignedtobesemi-rigid•Fully-Restrainedmomentconnections(DandEabove)aredesignedtobefullyrigidSteelFrameConnectionTypes(AISC)11SimpleConnections•Designedasflexibleconnections•Connectionsareassumedtobefreetorotate•Verticalshearforcesaretheprimaryforcestransferredbytheconnection•Requireaseparatebracingsystemforlateralstability•Thefollowingfewslidesshowsomecommonsimpleframingconnections12CommonSimpleConnectionsSinglePlateConnection(ShearTab)AplateisweldedtothesupportingmemberandboltedtothewebofthesupportedbeamDoubleAngleConnectionThein-planepairoflegsareattachedtothewebofthesupportedbeamandtheout-of-planepairoflegstotheflangeorwebofthesupportingmember(Green,Sputo,andVeltri)13CommonSimpleConnectionsShearEndPlateConnectionAplateisweldedperpendiculartotheendofthesupportedwebandattachedtothesupportingmemberSingleAngleConnectionOnelegisattachedtothewebofthesupportedbeamandtheotherlegtotheflangeorwebofthesupportingmember(Green,Sputo,andVeltri)14CommonSimpleConnectionsSeatedConnectionAnangleismountedwithonelegverticalagainstthesupportingcolumn,andtheotherlegprovidesa“seat”uponwhichthebeamismountedAstabilizerconnectionisalsoprovidedatthetopofthewebTeeConnectionThestemofaWTsectionisconnectedtothesupportedmemberandtheflangeattachedtothesupportingmember(Green,Sputo,andVeltri)15MomentConnections•DesignedasrigidconnectionswhichallowlittleornorotationUsedinrigidframes•Momentandverticalshearforcesaretransferredthroughtheconnection•Twotypesofmomentconnectionsarepermitted:Fully-RestrainedPartially-Restrained16MomentConnections17CommonFRConnectionsBoltedFlangePlateConnectionWeldedFlangePlateConnectionTopandbottomflange-platesconnecttheflangesofthesuppo