英语写作基础讲义

WritingforPracticalPurposes应用文写作第一部分•文书写作1、Notices（通知）mostlywrittentomakeknownsomethingabouttohappenor,sometimes,somethingthathashappened.anannouncementofameeting,aparty,afilmorvideoshow,acontest,amatchetc..Publicizesocialevents;Reportonmattersofgeneralinteresttostaff;Informstaffofinstructions,changeofplan,newsystemsandregulations;Makethestaffconfirmtocertainarrangement.FunctionsofNoticesTypes（类型）ofNotices1.Noticescirculatedamongthosewhoareconcerned（对内通知）2.Noticesputonthebulletinboards（对外通知）••通知是用来告知大家已经发生的或者将要发生的事情，比如：会议、晚会、电影和比赛等等。其格式一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成，内容一般包括时间、地点和活动内容说明等。其文字形式既可以按行排列，也可以按项排列。Heading（标题）focusonthepurpose;briefandclear;boldtype;Usesub-headingsifnecessaryBody（正文）withnosalutation;presentedincompletesentencesandshortparagraphs;neverusecontractionsNameaddsignaturefornoticesforpublicdisplayPosition（职位）DatewritteninDate-Month-Year/Month-Date-Year;writemonthinlettersratherthanArabicnumbers.LayoutofNotices(5parts)MainPartsofaNotice1.Activity（活动）Whatisthenoticeabout?2.Dayoftheweek—Date—TimeWhenistheactivityheld?3.PlaceWhereistheactivityheld?a)InEnglish,thedayoftheweekiswrittenbeforethedate,butinChinese,thedayoftheweekisgenerallyputafterthedate.Althoughiftheactivityistotakeplacewithintheweek,thedayoftheweekoftencomesbeforethedate:本周五（10月21日）上午······inthemorning,Friday,Oct.21,…a)Fornamesofdaysoftheweek,youmayeitherspelloutthewholeword(e.g.Tuesday)orusetheabbreviatedform(e.g.Tues.).Itisalsotruefornamesofthemonth(e.g.OctoberorOct.).AbbreviatedForms(1)（星期缩写形式）DaysoftheweekMondayMon.TuesdayTue./Tues.WednesdayWed.ThursdayThu./Thur./Thurs.FridayFri.SaturdaySat.SundaySun.JanuaryJan.FebruaryFeb.MarchMar.AprilApr.MayMayJuneJun.JulyJul.AugustAug.SeptemberSep./Sept.OctoberOct.NovemberNov.DecemberDec.AbbreviatedForms(1)（月份缩写形式）Monthsoftheyeara)Noticesforalectureortalkshouldincludebackgroundinformationaboutthespeaker.b)Sometimeswemayneedtogiveotherdetailssuchaspeoplewhoareinvolved,ortowhomthenoticeismeantfor,orpeoplewhohavesomethingtodowiththematter,etc..Sample1:NoticeAsyouknow,duetounfortunatecircumstances,EducationalTestingServicewasforcedtocancelthescoresoftheOctober2008TOEFLadministrationinthePeople’sRepublicofChina.TheexamineeswerenotifiedthatyouwouldbeabletotakeanotherTOEFLwithoutchargeupthroughtheOctober2009administration.Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethatthismaycausetoyou.RussellWebsterExecutiveDirectorTOEFLProgramEducationalTestingCenterSep28,2008Sample2:NoticeThewinterholidayiscoming.thewesternteachers’canteenwillbeclosedfromJan.16toFeb.23,2010.WishyouaveryhappySpringFestival.AdministrativeDepartmentSample3:•OnHowToImproveStudyHabitSpeaker:Prof.LiaokaiProfessorofEducationDate:Friday,10AprilTime:2:30p.m----5:oop.mPlace:LectureHall401AllWelcome!EducationalDepartmentSample4:NoticeOct.11,2009ThosewhoaregoingtoattendtheopeningceremonyoftheHi-TechFairwillmeetatehschoolgateat8:50tomorrowmorningwherethebusfortheexhibitionhallwillbewaitingDepartmentOfficeTheAppliedElectronicsDept.Practice:•A.TakingSample3asmodel,writeanannouncementofaclassmeetingat7:oop.m.,onFriday,May5,inRoom102.•B.TakingSample4asmodel,writeanannouncementthatstudentswhohavesubmittedtheirapplicationsforstudyingabroadshouldcontactMr.LifordetailedinformationintheDepartmentofficeonthemorningofMay2nd.•C.校工会通知：星期五（9月10日）下午4点全体教师在会议室开会，庆祝教师节。请准时参加。•ClassMeeting•May3,2011•Date:•Time:•Venue:•Everybodyisrequestedtoattend!•ClassCommitteeNotice•April30,2011•ThosewhohavesubmittedtheirapplicationsforstudyingabroadshouldcontactMr.LifordetailedinformationintheDepartmentOfficeonthemorningofMay2nd.•TheSchoolStudyOfficeNOTICEAllteachersarerequestedtomeetintheschoolconferenceroomonFriday,Sep10at4p.m.tocelebrateTeachers’Day.TheSchoolTeacher’sUnionSep.8,20112、Note(便条）•是一种简单的书信，常见的有请假条、留言条等。一般包括：•（1）日期（一般不需要“年”）•（2）称呼（如果是家人或朋友可随便些）•（3）正文（大多简短）•（4）谦称•（5）署名Sample：•May5•Mr.Liu,•IhavegotacoldandcoughbadlysoIcan’tgotoschool.I’mwritingtoaskfrosickleaveoftwodays.•Encl.Doctor’sCertificateofAdvice•Yourstudent,•LiPingUsefulSentences:•Pleasegiveanextensionofleaveforthreedays.•Ibegtoapplyforoneweek’sleaveofabsencefromthe11thtothe17thinstant,bothdaysinclusiveinordertolookaftermysickmother.Practice:3、Poster（海报）•是一种宣传广告。内容多为球讯、影讯等。簦出海报的时间常放在最后一行。Sample1:•FriendlyBasketballMatch•OrganizedbytheStudents’Unionofourschool,afriendlybasketballmatchwillbeheldbetweenClass2teamandClass1teamonthebasketballcourtat4p.m.onSaturday,May6,2011.•Allarewelcometowatch!•TheBasketballClubThursday,4MaySample2:•TheHottestFilm•Name:Heroes•Time:7p.m.Saturday,May6•Place:Thestadium•Fare:5yuan•TicketOffice:Theschoolgatehall••TheSchoolStudents’Union•May4Practice:•A.Writeanadvertisingposterforsummerclearancesales.•B.上海第五中学将于2011年6月4日举行一次英语演讲比赛，请以学生会的名义写一则海报。GoodNewsSummerClearanceSales••Allthegoodsonshowaresoldattwentypercentdiscount.Pleaseexamineandchoosethemcarefullybeforeyoupay.Therewillbenoreplacementorrefunding.Youhavebeenwarnedinadvance.Youarewelcometomakeyourchoice.•PersonalShoppingService.AnEnglish-SpeakingTest•Inordertoimprovethestudents’abilitytospeakEnglish,aschool-wideEngl