英语写作手册对外汉语本科课程“英语写作”PPT课件_Lesson_5_Paragraph

Lesson5ParagraphWhatisaparagraph?Aparagraphisacollectionofrelatedsentencesdealingwithasingletopic.Tobeaseffectiveaspossible,aparagraphshouldcontaineachofthefollowing:Unity,Coherence,ATopicSentence,andAdequateDevelopment.1.Unity:Theentireparagraphshouldconcernitselfwithasinglefocus.Ifitbeginswithaonefocusormajorpointofdiscussion,itshouldnotendwithanotherorwanderwithindifferentideas.2.Coherence:Coherenceisthetraitthatmakestheparagrapheasilyunderstandabletoareader.Youcanhelpcreatecoherenceinyourparagraphsbycreatinglogicalbridgesandverbalbridges.logicalbridges:ThesameideaofatopiciscarriedoverfromsentencetosentenceSuccessivesentencescanbeconstructedinparallelformverbalbridges:KeywordscanberepeatedinseveralsentencesSynonymouswordscanberepeatedinseveralsentencesPronounscanrefertonounsinprevioussentencesTransitionwordscanbeusedtolinkideasfromdifferentsentences(1)TherearethreereasonswhyIwanttolearnEnglish.(2)OnereasonisthatEnglishhasbecomeaninternationallanguage.(3)Itisnowusedbymostinternationalcompanies,includingthecompanywhereIwork,forbusinesscommunication.(4)AnotherreasonwhyIwanttolearnEnglishissothatIcantraveltoEnglish-speakingcountries.(5)TheUnitedStates,England,AustraliaandmanyothercountriesalluseEnglishastheirprimarylanguage.(6)Finally,IwanttolearnEnglishbecauseIplantomovetotheU.S.inthefuture.(7)Iwillbecomeamanagerformycompanysoon.(8)Forallthesereasons,IamveryexcitedaboutlearningEnglish.PartsofaParagraphGo=TopicSentenceContinue=SupportingDetailsStop=ClosingSentenceAtopicsentenceAtopicsentenceisasentencethatindicatesinageneralwaywhatideaorthesistheparagraphisgoingtodealwith.Summarizethemainideaofyourparagraph.Indicatetothereaderwhatyourparagraphwillbeabout.TherearethreereasonswhyCanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld.First,Canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem.AllCanadianshaveaccesstomedicalservicesatareasonableprice.Second,Canadahasahighstandardofeducation.Studentsaretaughtbywell-trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity.Finally,Canada'scitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged.Canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive.Asaresult,Canadaisadesirableplacetolive.AdequatedevelopmentThetopic(whichisintroducedbythetopicsentence)shouldbediscussedfullyandadequately.Youshouldgivedetailstodevelopandsupportthemainideaoftheparagraph.ClosingSentenceTheclosingsentenceisthelastsentenceinaparagraph.Itrestatesthemainideaofyourparagraph.Restatethemainideaoftheparagraphusingdifferentwords.HowtoWriteaParagraphPrewritingParagraphs1.Thinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouaregoingtowrite.WhatquestionamIgoingtoanswerinthisparagraphoressay?Whatisthemostimportantpartofmyanswer?WhatfactsorideascanIusetosupportmyintroductorysentence?HowcanImakethisparagraphoressayinteresting?WherecanIfindmorefactsonthistopic?…2.Openyournotebook.Writeoutyouranswerstotheabovequestions.Youdonotneedtospendalotoftimedoingthis;justwriteenoughtohelpyourememberwhyandhowyouaregoingtowriteyourparagraphoressay.3.Collectfactsrelatedtoyourparagraphoressaytopic.Lookforandwritedownfactsthatwillhelpyoutoansweryourquestion.Timesavinghint:makesurethefactsyouarewritingarerelatedtotheexactquestionyouaregoingtoanswerinyourparagraphoressay.4.Writedownyourownideas.Askyourself:WhatelsedoIwanttosayaboutthistopic?Whyshouldpeoplebeinterestedinthistopic?Whyisthistopicimportant?5.Findthemainideaofyourparagraphoressay.Choosethemostimportantpointyouaregoingtopresent.Ifyoucannotdecidewhichpointisthemostimportant,justchooseonepointandsticktoitthroughoutyourparagraphoressay.6.OrganizeyourfactsandideasinawaythatdevelopsyourmainideaDecidewhichfactsandideaswillbestsupportthemainideaofyourparagraph.Thenaskyourselfwhichordertoputthemintheparagraph.Writedownyourownnotesetthatyoucanusetoguideyourselfasyouwriteyourparagraphoressay.WritingParagraphsSomemethodstomakesureyourparagraphiswell-developed:UseexamplesandillustrationsCitedata(facts,statistics,evidence,details,andothers)Examinetestimony(whatotherpeoplesaysuchasquotesandparaphrases)UseananecdoteorstoryDefinetermsintheparagraphCompareandcontrastEvaluatecausesandreasonsExamineeffectsandconsequencesAnalyzethetopicDescribethetopicOfferachronologyofanevent(timesegments)EditingParagraphsTheeditingstageiswhenyoucheckyourparagraphformistakesandcorrectthem.GrammarandSpelling1.Checkyourspelling.2.Checkyourgrammar.3.Readyouressayagain.4.Makesureeachsentencehasasubject.5.Seeifyoursubjectsandverbsagreewitheachother.6.Checktheverbtensesofeachsentence.7.Makesurethateachsentencemakessense.StyleandOrganization1.Makesureyourparagraphhasatopicsentence.2.Makesureyoursupportingsentencesfocusonthemainidea.3.Makesureyouhaveaclosingsentence.4.Checkthatallyoursentencesfocusonthemainidea.5.Seeifyourparagraphisinteresting.KindsofParagraphsParagraphsneedtobeplanned.Sowecandevelopparagraphsindifferentkinds.SequenceParagraphInasequencingparagraph,youarewritingtodescribeaseriesofeventsoraprocessinsomesortoforder.Usually,thisorderisbasedontime.KateBarlowpreservedpeacheswhichlastedforyears,andyoucantooifyoufoll