思考:在△ABC中,已知CB=a,CA=b,CB与CA的夹角为∠C,求边c.﹚cABbCAaCB,,设)()(babaccc2babbaa2Cabbacos222Cabbaccos2222由向量减法的三角形法则得Cbabacos222bac2.余弦定理(1)向量法﹚Abccbacos2222﹚)()(babaccc2babbaa2Cabbacos222Cabbaccos2222由向量减法的三角形法则得Cbabacos222bac思考:若△ABC为任意三角形,已知角C,BC=a,CA=b,求AB边c.cABbCAaCB,,设﹚Baccabcos2222余弦定理Abccbacos2222)()(babaccc2babbaa2Cabbacos222Cabbaccos2222由向量减法的三角形法则得Cbabacos222思考:若△ABC为任意三角形,已知角C,BC=a,CA=b,求AB边c.cABbCAaCB,,设bacCabbaccos2222Abccbacos2222Baccabcos2222余弦定理三角形任何一边的平方等于其他两边平方的和减去这两边与它们夹角的余弦的积的两倍。CBAbac证明:以CB所在的直线为x轴,过C点垂直于CB的直线为y轴,建立如图所示的坐标系,则A、B、C三点的坐标分别为:(cos,sin)AbCbCxy(,0)Ba(0,0)C(2)解析法222)0sin()cos(CbaCbABCbaCabCb22222sincos2cosCabbacos2222222coscababCABCabcD当角C为锐角时(3)几何法bAacCBD当角C为钝角时CBAabc余弦定理作为勾股定理的推广,考虑借助勾股定理来证明余弦定理。证明:在三角形ABC中,已知AB=c,AC=b和A,作CD⊥AB,则CD=bsinA,BD=c-bcosAABCcba222CDBDa22(sin)(cos)bAcbA222222coscossinAAbcAcbb222cosbcAcb同理有:2222cosacBacb2222cosabCcabDCabbaccos2222Abccbacos2222Baccabcos2222bcacbA2cos222acbcaB2222cosabcbaC2cos222推论: