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大学英语四级写作评分标准•《大学英语四级考试大纲》要求：考试时间为30分钟，至少120词的短文。•试卷上可以给出题目，或规定情境，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写，或给出题目以及中文提纲要求写短文，或给出关键词要求写成短文。•写作要求切题，能正确表达思想，意义连贯，条理通顺，无重大语言错误。写作内容包括日常生活和一般常识。•如果达不到规定的词数，酌情扣1~9分。其中，题目所给的起始句，主题句，结束句不计入所写的总字数。•如果题目要求写三段式作文，只写一段为0~4分，两段为0~9分，文不对题或只有孤立的几个词，无法表达思想的为0分。•四级考试中，写作在百分制中满分为15分，其阅卷标准共分为五等：2，5，8，11，14。各分数段的具体标准如下：•2——条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎，大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。•5——基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的语言错误。•8——基本切题,有些地方表达思想不够清楚。文字勉强连贯。语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。•11——切题,表达思想清楚，文字连贯。但有少量语言错误。•14——切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上没有语言错误，仅有个别小错误。•2．段落组织•（1）开头段落•首段要引人入胜，并帮助读者抓住要领，易于领会全文；开头方法有：•①引用名人名言；如：•Astheproverbgoes…；•Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…；•Thereisnodenyingthat…；•Aseveryoneknows…•②数字统计；如：•Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78．9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation；•Arecentstudyshowsthat…•③描述现象现状；如：•WiththereformofChinesehighereducation,moreandmorecollegesanduniversitiesputemphasison…；•Nowadays,somefamousuniversitieshavebecomeahottouristattraction.•④对立观点陈述;如：•Somepeoplebelievethat…whileothersarguethat…•（2）主体段落•主体段落由三部分组成，也就是主题句(topicsentence)，推展句(supportingstatement)和结论句(concludingstatement)。•主题句概括段落的主要内容，它不仅确定段落的主题，而且限制该主题在本段落详细讨论的范围。因此主题句是整个段落的纲领。•推展句是对主题句的论证，解释和说明，是每段的主体部分。只有写好了推展句才能使文章言之有理，具有说服力。在文章写作中，推展句的多少，长短要适中。既要把思想内容表达清楚，叙述翔实，又要注意简明扼要，重点突出。句与句之间应脉络清晰，相辅相成。•结论句是用来标志段落的结束，同时向读者提供记忆的要点。但并非所有的段落句都是总结句。•主体段落的写作方法有举例论证段、对比比较段、因果分析段、利弊分析段等。•①举例论证段落。•通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。例如：•Therearecasesinwhichpeoplehavetotradegoodsforthethingstheyneed.Forexample,apersonwhoneedssomethingbadlyandhappenstobepenniless,whatshouldhedo?Agoodsolutionforhimistotradethegoodshehasforthethingsheneeds.Foranotherexample,apersonneedssomethinganditsownerisreluctanttosellitunlesshegetsthethinghewants.Insuchcase,thepersonhastotradegoodsforwhatheneeds.•举例论证中常用的连接词有forexample(instance),suchas,take…forexample,besides,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,inaddition等。•举例论证中常用的句型有：•Agoodcaseinpointis...•Asanillustration,wemaytake...•Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.•...isoftencitedasanexample.•②对比法或比较段。•将同类事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析，通过对比更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点。例如：•Theheartofanelectroniccomputerliesinitsvacuumtubesortransistors.Itselectroniccircuitsworkthousandtimesfasterthanthenicercellsinthehumanbrain.Aproblemthatmighttakeahumanbeingalongtimetosolvecanbesolvedbyacomputerinoneminute.•常用于比较或对比的连接过渡词:morethan，comparedwith，incontrastwith，as…as，besimilarto，similarly，thesameas，justlike，justas等。写作必备经典替换词•1、代替important:significant,vital,main,crucial,momentous,itmakesagreatdifferencethat,beofimportance,playanimportantrolein•2、代替moreandmore:Increasing(ly)，growing。（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly）•eg.Sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.•3、代替think的短语：harbortheideathat，taketheattitudethat，holdtheviewthat，itiswidelysharedthat，itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,personallyspeaking•代替think的单词：believe,assume,claim,argue,suppose，deem,reckon,consider,guess•4.anarmyof，anoceanof，aseaof，amultitudeof，manya(后跟单数名词），ifnotmost代替many。•停于此•注：用many，ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有词•eg.Manyindividuals，ifnotmost，harbortheideathat….•同理用most，ifnotall，代替most。•5、代替good:positive，favorable，rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect，pleasurable，excellent，outstanding。•6.代替bad:negative,dreadful，unfavorable，poor，adverse(有害的)。•7、代替thing:affair，business，matter,issue,event。•8、asliceof，quietafew，several代替some。•9、desire代替want。•10.代替very:exceedingly，extremely，extraordinary。•11.代替like:prefer,enjoy,love,appreciate•12、代替attractone'sattention:captureone'sattention/heart,isamagnettosb.。•13、代替aspect:facet，dimension，sphere。•14、代替cause:giveriseto，leadto，resultin，trigger。•15.formypart，frommyownperspective代替inmyopinion。•16、bearinmindthat代替remember。•17、frownonsth代替beagainst，disagreewithsth。•18、tonameonlyafew，asanexample代替forexample•19、individuals，characters，folks代替people，persons。•20、sbtakeinterestin:sthappealstosb，sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb。四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式12．套语1）It’swellknowntousthat．．．2）Asisknowntous，．．．3）Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout．4）Fromthegraph（table，chart）listedabove，itcanbeseenthat．．．5）Asaproverbsays，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway．例如：Asiswellknowntous,itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampus．Thereasonforthisisobvious.Nowadays,thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly,andthecampusisnolongeran“ivorytower.再如：Doesitpaytobehonest？Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedaboutanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit．大学英语四级考试作文常用句型A.开头1、Thereisaninterestingandinstructivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:______________.2、______________hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople,especiallyamongtheyoung,andheateddebatesarerightontheirway.3、Recently,_________hasbeenbroughttosuchpopularattentionthat_________(e.g.Recently,theproblemofglobalwarminghasbeenbroughttosuchpopularattentionthatgovernmentsatalllevelsplaceitonthetopoftheagenda.)大学英语四级考试作文常用句型4、Oneofourancientphilosopherssaid,______________.Chinesepeoplehavealwaysbeenholdingthisideatobeoneoftheirstandardsofmorality.5.Noone，regardlessofrace,religionornationality,woulddenythat...或：Everyonewouldagreethat...大