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动词不定式1.不带to的不定式：1）have/let/makesb.+dohelpsb.(to)do2)whynot/hadbetter/mightaswell/can't(help)but/prefertodoratherthan.../letalone+do3)see/watch/notice/observesb.+do/doing一感:feel二听:hear,listento(全过程)三让:let,make,have…四看:see,watch,notice,observe(全过程)…4)a.havenothingtodobut+do=havenochoice/alternativebut+todob.WhatIwanttodoisdosth.(but,except后接动词不定式，有do无to,有to无do）2.带to的不定式做补语1）besaidtodo（将要...）bereportedto+bedoing（正在做…）beconsideredtohavedone（已做过…）bebelievedto据说他要去国外留学了。Heissaidtostudyabroad.据说他正在国外留学。Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.据说他去国外留过学。Heissaidtohavestudiedabroad.1.Shehasnopencil_______.A.towritewithB.towriteaboutC.towriteD.writein2.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting_____.A.toattendinB.toattendC.attendD.attendingAB★若作定语的动词不定式是vi,后必须要有介词3.不定式作定语3.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething______.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking4.Heisalwaysthefirst______questions.A.toanswerB.answeringC.tobeansweredD.beingansweredBA★不定式常作不定代词和序数词、形容词最高级、last、next修饰的名词的后置定语3.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingB★不定式做定语时:(1)todo表示事情由句子主语自己做;(2)tobedone表示事情由别人做;Sir,doyouhavesomeclothestobewased?4.主动形式表被动意义的不定式：Theyoungmaniseasytogetalongwith.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgotobednow.形容词和不定式作表语时不定式作宾补，主语和不定式形成主谓关系With+宾语+动词不定式的复合结构，当主句的主语是不定式动作的执行者5.固定搭配thefirst/lasttodo…expecttheretobe…getsb.todo…promisetodo…refusetodo…offertodo…managetodo…affordtodo…pretendtodo…hesitatetodo不定式练习：1）________(complete)thetaskinadvance,wehadtoworkovertime.2）Ihurriedtothecinema,only_________(tell)theticketshadbeensoldout.3）Hisfatherdisappeared,never___________(hear)fromagain.4）Whowouldyouratherhave__________(take)overthejob?5）Ihappened___________(read)whenmymothercamein.6）Heisconsidered________（quit)hisjob.Nowhehasgoneabroad.7）I’mgoingtoBeijing.Doyouhaveanything___________(take)toyourson?8)Wefindtheproblemdifficult__________(settle).9)Thehouseiscomfortable_______(live)in.10)Mygoalis_________(admit)toBeijingUniversity.To~tobetoldtobe~d~tobe~ingtohave~tobe~ntoto~to~tobe~ted二、动名词:1.构成：(not)doing/beingdone2._____________(expose)tosunlightforalongtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.(作主语)Ican’tstand________(tease)inpublic.(作宾语)Being~dbeing~d1.散步是锻炼的一种好方法。2.教这些孩子是我今天下午的工作。Walkingisagoodformofexercise.Toteachthesechildrenismyjobthisafternoon.总结:不定式和动名词作主语的区别①todo作主语时常表示某一次具体的动作,具有偶然性;②doing(动名词)表示习惯性的动作,往往表抽象概念。注意:该规则同样适用于作宾语,表语.比如:liketodo/likedoing3.固定搭配：1)It’snogood/usedoing…Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doing…Thereisno+doing(knowing,denying,saying,tellingetc)=it'simpossibletodosth.e.g.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen2)havetrouble/difficulty/problems(in)doing…/havefundoing…spend(waste)timeindoing…prevent/stop/forbid/ban/keep/discouragesb.fromdoing…can’thelpdoing…3)thekeyto/theapproachto/beusedto/belimitedto/getdownto/whenitcomesto/lookforwardto/adaptto/devoteoneselfto/payattentionto/contributeto4)表被动意义sth.want/need/requiredoing…beworthdoing…5)动词或动词短语insistonstand/bear/putupwith(忍受）avoid/dela（推迟)/imagine/mind/miss/escape/appreciate/risk/quit/suggestdoing…6.remembertodo/doing…forgettodo/doing…regrettodo(很遗憾地要做…)/regretdoing…(后悔做过…)trytodo/doing…meantodo/doing…而stoptodo/doing…意思一样。5.allow/advise/permit/forbidsb.todo…allow/permit/forbiddoing…5动名词练习：1）Ican’tstand__________(treat)likethat.2)Heslippedintotheroomwithout___________(notice).3)Theoldmanrequires___________(look)after.4)Nooneisallowed__________(smoke)intheplane.5)Weregret__________(inform)youthatourlibrarywillbeclosed.6)Tenminutescanbemadegooduseof________(scan)thetext.7)CanyouimaginewhatdifficultyIhad________(borrow)themoney?8)Whatmadehimsosad?_________(lose)hiscell-phone.9)Theparkiswellworth______(visit).Theparkisworthy_____________(visit).Theparkisworthyof____________(visit).being~edbeing~d~ingto~to~to~~ingLosing~ingtobe~edbeing~ed三、现在分词构成：（not）doing/havingdone1.悬垂分词：generallyspeaking/Judgingby(from)consideringthat/seeingthat/giventhat…（鉴于、考虑到）tobehonest/totellthetruth/tomakethingsworsecomparedto(with)/providedthat(假如）…________(consider)hisage,hediditwell._______(consider)amongthetopstudents,heislikedbymostteachers.2.Thereisanoticeinthepark_________(say)，“Keepoffthegrass.”Aletter/asign/anote/amessage/atomb_________(read)….C~ingC~ed~ing~ing3._________(taste)delicious,thefoodsellswell.sound/smell/look/taste/feel+adj.4.Hemadesomecomments___(concern)pollution.(regard/include)Thisisanaccident__________(involve)agroupofyouths.Thereareagroupofyouths______(involve)intheaccident.5.不及物动词常用doing:1)the________(rise)price/withtheprice______(rise)aboywithhishand_________(raise)2)preventthemistakefrom_________(occur)preventthemistakefrom___________(make)3)Imetaman__________(wander)inthestreet.4)Therearesomeproblems__________(remain)unsettled.5)Ifoundaninjuredman_________(lie)ontheground.6)Itisateam_________(consist)oftenplayers.T~ing~ing~ing~d~ing~ing~d~ringbeingmade~ing~inglying~ing6.Hewascaught__________(cheat)intheexam.7._______(fall)leavesintheair_______leavesontheground_______(boil)water开水_______water正在沸腾的水8