伟创力FMEA培训教材Train-PFMEA-Chinese

FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis(FMEA)潜在失效模式及影响分析FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis2Introduction介绍AprocesspotentialFMEAisananalyticaltechniqueutilizedbyamanufacturingresponsibleengineer/teamasameanstoassurethat,totheextentpossible,potentialfailuremodesandtheirassociatedcauses/mechanismshavebeenconsideredandtheengineer’s/team’sthoughts(includingananalysisofitemsthatcouldgowrongbasedonexperienceandpastconcerns)asaprocessisdeveloped.Thissystematicapproachparallelsandformalizesthementaldisciplinethatanengineernormallygoesthroughinanymanufacturingplanningprocess.过程的FMEA是负责制造生产的工程师/队伍使用的分析技法，用来在一定程度上确保潜在的失效模式和相关的原因/机制都已考虑到，以及工程师/队伍的想法（包括基于经验和过去的想法得出的可能失效项目分析）。这种系统性的方法将工程师在任何生产计划过程中通常会碰到的问题标准化了。FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis3TheProcesspotentialFMEAIdentifiespotentialproductrelatedprocessfailuremodes.确认与产品有关的过程失效模式Assessesthepotentialcustomereffectsofthefailures.评估失效对客户潜在的影响Identifiesthepotentialmanufacturingofassemblyprocesscausesandidentifiesprocessvariablesonwhichtofocuscontrolsforoccurrencereductionordetectionofthefailureconditions.确定潜在的制造原因和过程变数，以便加以控制，减少发生可能性，增加发现到的可能性Developsarankedlistofpotentialfailuremodes,thusestablishingaprioritysystemforcorrectiveactionconsiderations.列出潜在失效模式的排行表，建立一个优先系统以做出改善行动Modifymanufacturingorassemblyprocess.改变生产或生产线过程FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis4FMEAStep步骤:1.DefinethescopefortheFMEA定义FMEA的范围2.Identifyteammembers,customer,andknowledgeexperts确认队伍成员、客户，和专家3.Developrolesandresponsibilitiesforteammembers制定每个成员的任务和职责4.Studytheproduct/process/service研究产品/制程/服务5.Brainstormfailuremodes,knownandpotential集体讨论已知的和潜在的失效模式6.Listtheeffects,causes,andcurrentcontrolsforeachfailuremode列出影响、原因和失效模式当前控制情况7.AssignratingsforSeverity,Occurrence,andDetection给严重性、发生率、发现度的评分8.CalculateRPN计算RPN9.DecideonathresholdRPN制定采取行动的RPN界限值10.PrioritizebasedonRPNandseverity,orasrequiredbythecustomer优先性要根据RPN，严重性，或客户的要求11.Identifycorrectiveactions确认改善行动12.Implementandverifyeffectivenessofcorrectiveaction执行并确认改善行动的有效性13.Completethedocumentation完成文件记录FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis51.DefinethescopefortheFMEA定义FMEA的范围Definetheboundarieswithinwhichtheproduct,process,orservicewillbestudied,identifyingtheoperatingassumptions,currentconditionsandconstraints.定义产品、制程或服务的研究范围，确认运作前提，当前条件和约束。FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis62.Identifyteammembers,customer,andknowledgeexperts确认队伍成员、客户和专家Gettheteamtogether,identifythecustomerandinvolvethemintheprocess.Somepreliminaryworkmustbedonetounderstandtheproduct/process/service,sotherightteamcanbeassembled.将成员集合，确认客户并使他们参与进来。为了很好地理解产品/制程/服务，一些先前工作要做，已使小组集合起来。FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis73.Developrolesandresponsibilitiesforteammembers制定每个成员的任务和职责Whodoeswhatontheteam.Clearlydefinetherolesandresponsibilitiesforeachoftheteammembers.Atthistime,itisimportanttoconsiderthestrengthsofeachindividualandleveragethesame.谁做什么，清楚地定义每个成员的职责。这时，考虑每个人的长处很重要。Example:TeamLeader:*Coordinatetheactivitiesoftheteam,andkeepontrack例：队长协调队伍的活动，时时追踪*Actascheerleader,andinterfacewithmanagement充当鼓舞者与管理相结合*Ensurethedecisionsaremadewithconsensus确保和大家一起做决定Customer:*Definerequirements定义需求客户*Participateindevelopingratingscales,especiallyforSeverityKnowledge参与等级制定，尤其是严重性Expert:*Asconsultantprovideinfoondetailsofproduct/专家processorservice作为顾问提供产品等信息FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis84.Studytheproduct/process/service研究产品/制程/服务Theobjectiveofthisstepistoacquireasmuchknowledgeaspossible.Itishighlyrecommendedthatallteammembersdelveintothis,sincethereisnootherwaytofamiliarizeyourselfwiththeproduct/process/service.此步骤的目的是为了尽可能多的获取知识。高度建议所有成员都参与，因为没有其他的方式使你去熟悉产品/制程/服务。FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis95.Brainstormfailuremodes,knownandpotential集体讨论已知的和潜在的失效模式*Failuremodesshouldbedescribedin“physical”ortechnicalterms,notasasymptomnoticeablebythecustomer.失效模式应描述为物理量或技术术语，而不是简单的表面现象*Theideaistoidentifyasmanyfailuremodesaspossible.Thiswillinvolvegettingallteammembersandstakeholdersinvolved,however,theproperapproachtobrainstormingmustbeused.Deferalljudgment,maybeeventoasubsequentmeeting.确认尽可能多的失效模式，使所有的成员都参与。使用适当的脑力震荡方法。所有的调节整理留给以后的会议。*Thebiggestriskinthisstepisthatparticipantswillstartmixingupfailuremodeswithcauses,andeffects.Topreventthis,itishighlyrecommendedthatmeetingleaderdoadryruntofamiliarizethegroupwiththedifferencesbetweenfailuremodes,effects,andcauses.Alistingoftheproduct/process/services’specifications,oroutputsandrequirementswillbenefithere.最大的风险是参与者会混淆失效模式、原因和影响。建议会议领导者做个排练，使大家熟悉失效模式、原因和影响的差别。产品/制程/服务的规格，产出或需求会对此有所帮助。*Postitpadsareaconvenientwayofcollectingthisinformation,andgroupingitintologicalgroups.小纸贴是收集此种信息的有效途径，然后按逻辑分组。*Ifyouwritetheseonaworksheet,makesureyouleaveenoughspaceforeffectsandcauses如果你将此写在工作纸上，要确保留出足够的空间填写影响和原因。FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis105.Brainstormfailuremodes,knownandpotential集体讨论已知的和潜在的失效模式SeparatingFailureModes,EffectsandCauses分开失效模式，影响和原因Multiplicitywillexistforcauses,failuremodes,andeffects失效模式，影响和原因是多种多样的FailureModes:Willsharecauses,andeffects失效模式：有共同的原因和影响Causes:Thereasonsforfailure,canbeoneormanyforagivenfailuremode原因：不良的原因可以是一个或多个已有的失效模式的原因Effects:Theresultsofthefailure,canbeoneormanyforagivenfailure