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宾语从句和表语从句RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。1.Henryisabusinessman.主语表语2.Henry,abusinessman,receivedamillionpoundbanknote.主语同位语宾语Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{{主语从句表语从句什么是名词性从句?(NounClauses){Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.{宾语从句同位语从句在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_______充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在由____________来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)什么是名词性从句?(NounClauses)一个句子名词名词性从句(1)•宾语从句一、宾语从句——共性问题1，2•Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.•HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.•I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.•Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.•Idon’tcarewhomarrieshim.观察：1.宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？2.连接词的分类和作用？宾语从句（TheObjectClause）•宾语从句在复合句中起______作用，可以作的宾语，也可以作的宾语。宾语从句必须用_____语序。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。宾语陈述动词介词连接词一that宾语从句1.Oliverbelieves(that)amancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.2I’mafraid(that)Idon’tquitefollowyou,sir.3.Idon’tthink(that)it’sveryfunny.4.Myunclesaid（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.5.Weallagree(that)itwouldbeconvenienttogotherebybus.1.归纳总结：that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。由连接代词who/whom,whose,what,which引导的宾语从句：①Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.②Heaskedwhosepurseitwas.③Doyouknowwho/whomHenryisspeakingto?Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?主语定语宾语由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句：①PleasetellmewhenJodyWilliamswontheNobelPeacePrize.②HewantedtoknowwhereIhadspentmyholiday.③WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?④Doyouknowwhyhewaslate?Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?状语•归纳总结：•连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.e.g.:Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.e.g.:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.e.g.:Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下情况不用if。宾语从句——(whether&if)意为“是否”特殊：Theteacherhadmadeitclearthatwhoeverbreakstherulewouldbepunished.老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚。find/feel/consider/make/think+it+adj.+that宾从形式宾语宾补真正宾语时态a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。Hebelieves_______________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Pleasetellme_____________________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomeday1.如果主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday一、宾语从句——(时态)他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_________________________________.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexaminationlighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。①Doexercises.Ididn’tknow.①你们当时在聊什么？②这本书是谁的？③她明天是否要来？④她住哪里？Idon'tknowwhat'sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?②Exploration但是①从句为What’sthematter？What’swrong？What’shappening？②who,what作主语时，③从句是感叹句，从句的语序不变.1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize_____terribleproblemswewouldface.(北京2011)A.whatB.howC.thatD.whyWhat+n.+主+谓n.a/an+adj.+nadj.+Uadj.+pl.（复数）否定的转移:动词think,consider,suppose猜想,believe,expect,guess,imagine等词，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tsupposehecares,?Hedoesn’tthinkwewillcome,?doeshedoeshe此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。2他命令关闭所有的大门。3.我建议他应该更努力学习。4.老师要求我们和睦相处。Sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly.Hecommandedthatallthegates(should)beshut.Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.Theteacherrequeststhat.we(should)getalongwellwitheachother.3.总结归纳：在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order,command3.建议：suggest,propose,advise4.要求：desire,demand,require,request老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercisesshouldbehandedinbeforeschoolwasover.1.SheaskedTom_____wasthematterwithhiscar.2.Willyoutellme_____Icankeephealthy?3.Thisdependson_________themoneywehaveisenough.4.Couldyoutellme________Marrylives?whatwherewhetherhow牛刀小试：2.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010课标全国卷)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where3.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.(山东2010)A.whyB.whatC.howD.which4.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew______shewassoangry.(湖南2010)A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why5.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(四川2010)A.whatB.whoC.howD.why表语从句思考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么词后面？引导词有哪些？基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同。连系动词seem,look之后还可用1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2)That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3)Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4)That’swhyIwaslate.4)ThetroubleisthatIlosthisaddress.二、表语从句asthough(asif)。when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/what※由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起作用外，在从句中还充当，，或状语，本身具有词义。连接时间地点方式原因例如：★Goandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftit.where去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。---Yousee,I’mpoorinmaths,youarenotgoodatEnglish,and…---That’sweshouldhelpeachother.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what表语从句注意点1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.语序:That’swhyIwaslate.2).引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.e.g.:Thetroub